Drainage Basin Features Flashcards

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1
Q

Confluence

A

The ‘junction’ at which the tributary joins the main river

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2
Q

Rill Action

A

Strength of the water

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3
Q

Sheet Flow

A

Shallow flow due to rainfall overland

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4
Q

What makes a high density drainage basin?

A
Impermeable land surface
Steep slopes
Limited vegetation cover
Limited rainfall
Large channel frequency (Tributaries)
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5
Q

What makes a low density drainage basin?

A
Permeable rock e.g. Chalk
Much vegetation cover
Limited rainfall
Gentle slopes
Lower Channel frequency
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6
Q

Tributary

A

Side river which joins the main river

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7
Q

Impermeable surfaces

A

Found in urban areas with Tarmac - leads to rapid surface run off via drains and sewers resulting in quick transfer of water to the river

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8
Q

Shorter lag time

A

Found in urban areas with impermeable surfaces and is the short amount of time between peak rainfall and peak discharge

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9
Q

In urban areas

A

Water is moved quickly into the river and sewers leading to a steep rising limb

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10
Q

In rural areas

A

Infiltration is greater, this results in transfer via groundwater flow
Slows the rainfall journey into the river
Interception by vegetation acts as a store for rainfall, delaying the transfer of water to the river
Longer lag time
Shallow falling limb
Percolation and groundwater storage delays water return to river at base flow

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11
Q

Inputs

A

Precipitation from rain clouds fed by evaporation from water sources including seas/oceans

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12
Q

Water Level

A

Related to form of precipitation
Regularity of precipitation
Duration and intensity of precipitation event

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13
Q

Storage

A

Surface - water is stored within lakes and rivers
Vegetation - Intercepts precipitation
Below surface - Groundwater - Soil permeability and rock will determine how much water can be stored as groundwater

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14
Q

Transportation

A

Water is transferred on the surface of the basin
Either; As surface run-off where water flows across the surface or via river channels within the drainage basin
Through flow and ground flow - Below the ground through the basin as it makes its way towards the river channel.

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15
Q

Outputs

A

Water can be lost directly through evaporation
Water can be lost via trees and vegetation through transpiration - evaporation from leaves
Combined output known as evapotranspiration
Loss of water through loss of water from the basin through streamflow into the sea/ocean as the river ends its journey

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