Geography tectonics Practice Paper

Question 1

Explain how plate tectonic theory is used to explain plate movements [6]

Answer 1

The theory of plate tectonics state that the Earths outer crust; lithosphere is separated into plates that move over the asthenosphere.
There is evidence that the theory is correct due to Wegner’s continental drift where the shape of South America and Africa seem to fit together as part of a supercontinent,
2 types of plate boundaries - constructive and destructive
Constructive plate is when the melted material rises from the athenosphere to the surface cause a gap to be formed. E.g. the force ridge push is where a slope is created to due to gravity pushing the plates further away.
Destructive plate boundaries is when the subducted crust melts into the magma.
Other theories - palaeomagnetism - magnetic patterns arranged in the direction of the earth’s magnetic field which switch every millions of years.
Examine Fossils - where plates could have fit but are now separated.

Question 2

State which type of earthquake wave travels fastest

Answer 2

P-waves

Question 3

Explain 2 strategies used to modify tectonic hazard events

Answer 3

Prediction / warning systems to alert people to a possible hazard so they have time to evacuate
Diversion of lava flows limits damage to infrastructure/settlements

Question 4

Suggest one reason for the pattern of reported ground shaking in the February earthquake

Answer 4

The plate boundary lies to the west so the EQ waves are more likely to be felt by people living in nearby buildings, therefore more reports from them

Question 5

Assess whether areal extent is the most important factor that determines the impact of volcanic eruptions. [12]

Answer 5

Areal extent is the distance that erupted material travels from lava in the local area to ash clouds around the world.
It is one of the most important factors as it assess the short and long term impacts. E.g…..
They all have a knock on effect ; damaged the environment and impacted people socially and economically. E.g….

On the other hand areal extent is not the only important factor. Magnitude, response time and judgement is also vital.
The larger the magnitude the more people will be affected
Response time will be faster if better evacuation strategies and warning systems were put in place. Less affects in local communities, higher capacity to cope, lowers vulnerability.

Different judgements on impacts of eruption. Vary from deaths, local/global costs, economic or environmental impact.

Conclusion - hazard profile covers all factors . Areal extent is important but other factors are more important ….