2020 Coasts and Diverse Places Flashcards
Explain the role of isostatic processes in causing changes in relative sea level. (6)
Sea level changes can be caused from extreme climate variability leading to glaciers melting and sea levels rising or isostatic changes due to post glacial adjustment and tectonics. Sea level change has caused emergent and submerging coastlines.
In the map it is obvious that the south of the British isles are experiencing sea level rise whilst the north are experiencing relative sea level fall.
The reasons why the north are experiencing relative sea level fall is most likely due to post glacial adjustment causing the north to rebound upwards and sea levels to rise.
In the South sea level had risen this is due to subsidence. Accumulation of sediment in the river basin occurs the the land subsides into the mantle causing the sea levels to rise.
Evaluate the view that rates of coastal recession are largely controlled by geological factors. (20)
Geological factors are important factors that affect the rate of coastal recession.
Lithology and unconsolidated geology are important factors as well as cliff profiles and the geology of the cliff.
For example, sedimentary rocks such as chalk, limestone, sandstone are clay are relatively weak and can easily be broken down therefore are genuinely not resistant to coastal recession.
On the other hand, igneous rocks such as granite and basalt which are formed through the cooling of magma are harder to break down and are more resistant to coastal recession however the joints between can be weaknesses.
North Antrim Coast - have different recession rates - type of geology varies across the coastline.
However geological factors are not the only reason for rate of recession. The strength of the wave and wave type can also be a key reason for rate of coastal recession.
Destructive wave - high wave height and short wave length. Backwash is greater than swash. Destructive wave will have a higher rate of coastal recession.
Wave size is also important as large waves have more destructive power. The increasing energy has come from extreme climate variability rising from 4.2% in 2010 to 6.9% in 2020 and sub aerial processes causing recession to occur quick
Not only do physical processes affect the rate of coastal recession there are also human factors.
Beach renourishment, sea wall - highcliff, foot paths
For example in Californian coast, the road construction near the hurricane point weakened the slope and caused undercutting of cliffs and cliff retreat per year by roughly 0.15 to 0.25cm
Evaluate why stakeholders in diverse communities use different criteria for measuring the success of managing change.
Urban and rural place are seen differently by different groups of people because of their lived experience of places and their perceptions.
Different stakeholders have different criteria for assessing the success of managing change in diverse communities
We can measure success by demographic change, crime rates lowering, wider diversity and local businesses.
Students - want areas to be full of entertainment and social aspects
Explain how regional and national influences have shaped the demographic characteristics of your local place.
- Regional and national influences that have shaped chosen places could be economic or social, and involve national/local government planning policies and other factors such as migration, communication changes, ageing population and other influences.
- Demographic characteristics include gender, age distribution and diversity. Also allow educational levels, life expectancy, health, migration (urban/rural and international), and others.
- Large numbers of migrants from a particular religion/group may live there so places of worship, food shops, restaurants, cultural centres meet the needs of local people. - Southall
- Factories have moved overseas due global shift in services/ manufacturing leaving high rates of unemployment so out-migration of younger people may have led to an ageing population. - Cornwall
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