2019 Coasts and Diverse Places Flashcards
Which factor affects the direction of coastal sediment movement
Longshore drift
Suggest one reasons for the cliff collapse
Rock has been saturated with water this increases slope stress and reduces the stability of the cliff
Explain two processes of weathering on a coastline
Biological weathering where the rock disintegrates as microbes release chemicals that breakdown rock and then consume them
Mechanical weathering where it puts pressure on cracks in rocks because of hydration
Explain how the characteristics of coastal plains and rocky coasts differ (6)
Coastal plains are sandy and often found in areas of low relief in a low energy environment.
Sediment deposition occurs and long, large beaches are formed where vegetation may grow, e.g. marram grass which help stabilise sand dunes
Rocky coasts are high relief coastlines often influenced by coastal erosion. It forms headlands and bays where only small beaches are made. This causes more coastal erosion and variation in land forms, such as wave cut platform etc.
Define the term lived experience of a place
A person’s feelings about a place and it’s meaning and importance to them. They will have opinions, perceptions and memories to it.
Suggest one reason why anxiety levels are so high in urban areas
Anxiety levels are high in urban areas because there is a high cost for living such as housing, transport and food, there are competition for jobs and many people may be in debt meaning they have to find multiple jobs or are forced to work over time to provide for families.
Explain different ways of measuring the success of the management of cultural and demographic issues (6)
Success is measured in many different ways.
The success of economic management can be assessed using measures of:
- Income
- Employment
Social progress can be measured by looking at the reductions in inequalities between and within areas. E.g. more students in deprieved areas going into higher education/university means chance of getting better jobs; higher income and reducing inequalities.
Assimilation of different cultures can be measured by levels of
political engagement, the number of cultural features (e.g. tallying up the number of places of worship), the development of local community groups and reductions in ‘hate’ crime and racism.
Explain two reasons why peoples age affects their view of a local place you have studied
Slough
Younger generations may believe that Slough is a great place to live as theirs great transport links, close to London, lots of job opportunities due to the proximity to Heathrow as well as the trading estate. It provides many social activities and is a great place to start families.
Older generations may have attachment to the place as they have lived there a long time but may not be happy with the mass migration and the change in ethnic backgrounds as they may feel like they no longer belong there.
Assess the importance of longer term sea-level change in explaining the risks at different coastlines. (12)
Long term sea level change can be caused due to eustatic sea level change (global) or isostatic sea level change (local) which has caused different coastlines to be formed and has impacted the economy and environment.
Eustatic sea level change has been accelerated due to human activities; green house gas emissions. The Atlantic ice sheets are predicted to raise sea levels by 50 metres and is predicted to cause all sea levels to rise by 21cm from 1870 to 2010. This has caused less beach material to accumulate in bays because water continues to erode in bays, creating rocky coastlines (high relief).
Small bays mean less beaches so has an economical risk as less tourists will come in the summer season, so decline in economy. It also means coastal erosion will occur faster and there is a higher chance of flood risk, so coastal management has to be put in place to ensure surrounding neighbourhoods are not affected.
Isostatic sea level change has caused more rock exposure by wave energy however it has also created raised beaches where coastline can’t be eroded by the sea forming low lying long beaches. This poses a risk on places like Slapton where there is a main road (A379) dividing the beach and the ley, if the beach keeps expanding and moving back, the road will have to be rebuilt which first costs a lot of money and second disturbs the vegetation and natural wildlife closer to the ley.
In conclusion, I believe that sea level risk is important in contributing to the risk posed by different coastlines as it has an economic and environment effect, as aforementioned.
Assess why conflicts may occur between stakeholders involved in demographic and cultural change (12)
Changes can lead to tension and conflict between stakeholders.
One of the conflict is between the government and the local people due to change in demographic has caused economical decline. For example, the government want to offer land to TNC’s for profit whereas the local people want to maintain a community, and ensure homes and services are still affordable for them. This is shown in the development of the Heathrow Terminal 5 runway, where the government initiated the plan to grow England’s busiest airport for more passengers, trade and growth yet this caused local people to relocate homes and caused conflict, as they may not necessarily agree.
There is also conflict between the local people and the government due to cultural change. For example, in 2004 refugees from Syria & Afghanistan travel through Balkans and South/Central Europe to West Europe. However in 2015 the Hungarian authorities close Keleti International train terminal in Budapest to prevent migration movement through the EU. This caused conflict to the local people as there was a surge of immigrants in their town and they felt intimidated.
It caused conflict between the ethnic groups and hate crimes targeting certain backgrounds/religion.
There is also conflict between the locals and government in the Lake District where the government are promoting the national site more and more for the economy to boom especially in the summer. Tourists majorly contribute to the economy, leading to tension in local people to make the area more aesthetically pleasing as well as farmers (local people) ensuring tourists do not harm their crops or their animals. The government make tourism a pleasing pull factor for local people, however the jobs provided are seasonal and low pay, which causes conflict.
In conclusion, I believe that conflicts do occur between stakeholders due to demographic and cultural change but the level of influence/authority a stakeholder holds varies. This causes inequality and opposing opinions between the groups and causes conflict.
