2018 Coasts and Diverse Places Flashcards
State one process of mass movement that occurs in coastal landscapes
Landslides
Suggest how high sea level rise may affect coastal landscape
High sea level might cause storm waves to break higher which might damage sea defences and inturn cause damage to infrastructure
Explain two physical reasons why some locations are at risk from coastal flooding
Removal of vegetation e.g. mangroves removes a barrier to incoming water
Tropical locations are more likely to receive tropical storms
Explain two changes to UK culture as a result of migration from the European Union (EU).
More ethnic diversity leading to understanding between different groups and appreciating culture
Foods and other needs are different, so new foreign shops and business are set up on high streets. E.g. polish supermarkets. Distribution of EU products have increased in supermarkets aswell.
Explain how vegetation helps stabilise sandy coastlines (6)
Vegetation can stabilise unconsolidated sediment and protect it from erosion.
E.g. plant roots bind sediment together, making it harder to erode.
Plant stem and leaves cover the ground surface protect sediment from wave erosion
In addition vegetation increases the rate of sediment accumulation, as plants stem and leaves interrupt the flow of wind and water, reducing their velocity and encouraging deposition.
Plants like marram grass help stabilise sandy coastlines as their roots can grow up to 3m long anchoring the dunes in place, in addition the waxy leaves limit water loss through transpiration and resist wind blow sand abrasion.
Salt marshes act as a buffer to absorb coastal floods and large, erosion along storm waves. The long blades of cord grass in the salt marsh can trap sediment building up a muddy substrate which helps stabilise the roots of other plant species
Suggest one reason local people may object to the development go 5 storey apartments in the middle of the town
It is in the middle of the town where houses are already nearby so it will disrupt transportation, and cause noise pollution during the building so there will be difficulty in access and house prices may fall
Explain the factors that may result in ethnically segregated communities. (6)
There are a variety of factors that may cause ethnically segregated communities.
Cultural reasons, as migrants move to a country , they are most likely to reside in an area where there own ethnicity is as they feel more welcome, intensifying the level of segregation. Seen in Southall where many of the people from the Punjab reason have settled and is now the largest Sikh community in London.
Economic/ social reasons where wealthy migrants such as the Russian Oligarchs are attracted to live in desirable expensive areas, such as Mayfair or Chelsea, where they feel like they belong, feel safe and have high quality shops, entertainment and education.
Social reasons where migrants with similar religion and language stay together as they feel safer from racism with their own ethnic community, e.g. the Jewish community in Hackney
Assess whether the cultural characteristics of your local place and contrasting place are the result of global influences (12)
Cultural characteristics of my local place (Slough) and contrasting place (Cornwall) can be due to global influences to an extent.
Over the years in Slough there has been a change in culture, with more migrants migrating to the UK for better services, education and job opportunities it has led to change in ethnicity in slough. This is due to its proximity to Heathrow - largest airport in UK. Migrants reside in Slough as it is close, and accessible and there has been a change in social life. As there has been an increase in diversity with a large Indian, and Eastern European community there has also been more mosques, temples and international shops to help them settle in and cope to their culture aswell. In the 2011 census, it was discovered that the White British is now a minority in Slough. This shows the change in cultural characteristics of my local place due to global influence.
Due to global push factors such as war and environmental threats, migrants are forced to flee. When fled they occupy many of the cities surrounding the airport where it is close, and there are job availability. For example, Heathrow, Manchester, London City Airport etc. This has caused a segregation of ethnic minorities and has stimulated white flight. British people are moving to rural places like Cornwall where they feel more safe, communal like and has tranquility. Cornwall is less accessible than places like London and Oxford causing it to be less ethnically diverse. This shows the impact on culture due to global influences.
However, there has been change to cultural characteristics due to national influences. For example, many of the TNCs invest in places like London or the South East where services and transport links are better, therefore the people from the North are relocating to the South East for better jobs, quality of life and education. This has caused more cultural diversity as there is a range of people such as the Scottish, Welsh, West Midlands, Cornish as well as international migrants. This has increased cultural diversity with food such as Cornish Pastries or Keltic Celebrations etc. This all suggests that national influences can also be a reason to varying cultural characteristics.
In conclusion, I believe that global influence has played a large role in cultural characteristics whether it has impacted rural or urban cities. However there are some reasons for national influences to have caused change.
Assess the social and economic risks of rapid coastal retreat. (12)
Holderness Coast
West Yorkshire
2m coastal retreat per year
Economical risks as tourists do not come due to chance of rock toppling
200 homes will be lost in next 80 years
No compensation
East Riding Coastal Change fund provides packages for replacement and relocation but it is very limited
Lyme regis, biggest tourism industry for Dorset. Local people rely on tourism. 37,500 people have jobs in tourist industry. Vulnerable to coastal erosion.
Management has been divided into 4 zones. More than £35 million has been spent since 1994 to prevent coastal erosion. It has worked and protected homes, roads and infrasturcute. And secure 390 metres of coastline for the next 50 years with 480 homes protected aswell.
