2017 Coasts and Diverse Places

Question 1

State one factor that affects coastal sediment transport.

Answer 1

Wave energy

Question 2

Explain two coastal depositional processes.

Answer 2

Longshore drift where eroded material from the headland is transported along a coastline

Constructive waves where sediment is built up as they have a stronger swash than backwash

Question 3

Explain the factors that create an erosional coastline (6)

Answer 3

There are a variety of factors that create an erosional coastline.
Rock hardness , if it is soft, unconsolidated rock then the cliff is more vulnerable to retreat as erosional processes will be faster.
If it is hard rock such as igneous rock, then water will saturate the rock through joints and fractures and can be exploited to form caves, stacks and stumps.

The geological orientation can create an erosional coastline for example a discordant coast will have different rates of erosion and creates headlands and bays. The headlands refract the wave energy and causes erosion to occur .

The fetch of the wave and the strength of the wind. Powerful winds and a long fetch enter cracks and attacks base of the cliff causing sediment to break down and change in geology

Question 4

Assess whether sustainable management schemes are always the most appropriate for managing the risks to coastlines. (12)

Question 5

Define the term industrialisation

Answer 5

Rapid growth of secondary / tertiary economy

Question 6

Suggest one reason why fertility rates differ across Europe

Answer 6

Job opportunities across Europe are varied, so young fertile age are looking for places to work or potential countries to migrate where job opportunities are better therefore source countries fertility rates are low

Question 7

Explain two reasons why different local community groups may have contrasting views about change to the built environment.

Answer 7

Some residents may have resided in the place for a long time and are reluctant to see change (such as change in ethnicity, shops, etc) as they feel like they are being forced out of their own town and may lose familiarity.

Young people in the area such as students may want to improve social activities such as more clubs, theatres etc, however local residents may not agree and may believe it is a distraction and creates more noise pollution. However, students are usually not as concerned as they are more open to moving cities.

Question 8

For a local place that you have studied, explain why people’s sense of identity has been affected by the demographic and cultural change it has experienced. (6)

Answer 8

Slough

Question 9

Assess the reasons why segregation can affect the successful management of change in urban communities (12)