Genitourinary (GU)

Question 1

Urinary changes (normal)

Answer 1

• Decreased size of renal mass
• decreased tubular function
• decreased bladder capacity
• decrease in nephrons
• decreased renal blood flow & glomerular filtration rate
• weaker bladder muscles
• urinary frequency, urgency & nocturia

Question 2

Urinary changes (abnormal)

Answer 2

-urinary incontinence

Question 3

Reproductive changes (normal)

Answer 3

Men:
-possible reduction in sperm count

• prostate enlarges
• reduction of fluid retaining capacity of the seminal vesicles
• seminiferous tubules undergo increased fibrosis, thinning of the epithelium, thickening of the basement membrane, and narrowing of the lumen
• increased luteinizing hormone and FSH levels
• venous & arterial sclerosis (stiffening) & fibroelastosis of the penis

Female:
-fallopian tubes atrophy & shorten

• thicker & smaller ovaries
• smaller cervix
• drier & less elastic vaginal canal
• flattening of labia
• endocervical epithelium (inner layer of the cervix) atrophies
• smaller uterus
• endometrium atrophies
• vaginal environment is more alkaline
• loss of sub-q and hair in the vulva