Cardiovascular Flashcards
Coronary artery bypass graft
- redirects blood around a section of a blocked or partially blocked artery in your heart.
- taking a healthy blood vessel from your leg, arm or chest and connecting it below and above the blocked arteries in your heart.
Anoxia
No O2
Angina
caused by Ischemia (low blood flow) in the coronary arteries, which would then lead to hypoxia
Women can also experience “unrelated” symptoms during a heart attack
- nausea
- SOB
- abdominal pain
- stabbing pain
Nitroglycerin (can be used for anginal attacks)
- helps relax the blood vessels (vasodilation)
- can have systemic effects
- wear gloves when administering the patches
hyperlipidemia
high levels of lipids in the blood
causes (hyperlipidemia)
- diet
- drugs
- hereditary
dysrhythmias/arrhythmias (diagnostics)
-ECG or EKG: tracks the electrical impulses of the heart
etiology (dysrhythmias/arrhythmias)
- angina
- drugs
- impaired CO
- age-related
Atrial fibrillation (A. Fib)
- total disorganization of atrial electrical activity due to multiple ectopic foci, resulting in loss of effective atrial contraction
- most common dysrhythmia
- risk increases with age
- can cause blood clots due to inadequate blood flow
drugs for HR control
- digoxin
- beta andregenergic blockers
- calcium channel blockers
anticoagulatory drugs
warfarin
stenosis
narrowed blood vessels and/or structure
arterial insufficiency (PAD)
narrowed arteries at the periphery, which can lead to insufficient tissue perfusion
venous insufficiency (PVD)
- inadequate return of venous blood from the periphery to the heart
- can lead to blood stasis (blood pooling), which can also lead to blood clotting as well as edema