Emphysema (Respiratory)

Question 1

Causes

Answer 1

chronic bronchitis

chronic irritation from pollutants

smoking

Question 2

Signs & symptoms

Answer 2

gradually increased dyspnea tht is not relieved when sitting upright

chronic cough

anorexia=malnutrition

weight loss=malnutrition

malnutrition=weakness & fatigue

recurrent resp infections

congestive heart failure (CHF)

cardiac arrhythmias

Work of breathing (WOB) is increased because there is less capacity for O2 exchange, which leads to:

• SOBOE (SOB on exertion)
• fatigue
• malnutrition
• cardiac arrhythmias

Can lead to a pneumothorax (collapsed lung)

Question 3

Interventions

Answer 3

postural drainage

bronchodilators

avoiding stressful situations

breathing exercises

smoking cessation

diet

LOW O2 LEVELS STIMULATE RESPIRATIONS, NOT HIGH C02 LEVELS!!!

Question 4

Cautions

Answer 4

• high risk for developing C02 narcosis (depressed level of consciousness)
• increased risk of resp infections
• use of sedatives, hypnotics & narcotics due to increased sensitivity to these types of drugs

Question 5

Structural changes

Answer 5

• distension of the alveoli
• rupture of the alveolar walls
• damage to the alveolar-capillary bed

Question 6

Pt teaching

Answer 6

pace the activities

avoid cold weather

administer meds correctly

know how to recognize symptoms of infection