Genetics And Biotechnology

Question 1

What is gel electrophoresis?

Answer 1

• short gene strand = moves fast
• medium gene strand = move slower
• long gene strand = moves the slowest

Question 2

What is recombinant DNA?

Answer 2

• a molecule of DNA composed of genetic material from different sources

Question 3

What are restriction enzymes?

Answer 3

• act like scissors as they make specific cuts

Question 4

What are restriction endonuclease?

Answer 4

• a type of restriction enzyme that cuts the double-stranded DNA and a sequence specific manner

Question 5

What is DNA ligase?

Answer 5

• an enzyme that acts like glue

Question 6

What are plasmids?

Answer 6

• closed, circular piece of DNA that can undergo replication and act as a carrier for a gene to be cloned in bacteria

Question 7

What is PCR?

Answer 7

• polymerase chain reaction = PCR
• mimics DNA replication, which is used for amplifying specific regions of DNA from extremely small samples of DNA

Question 8

What is gel electrophoresis?

Answer 8

• you use an electric field to pull fragments of DNA (STRs) through a gel as it sorts the fragments used on their size

Question 9

What are STRs?

Answer 9

• short tandem repeats = STRs
• repeating segments of DNA that are often found in non-coding regions of our genome

Question 10

What is crispr / cas system?

Answer 10

• prokaryotic (bacterial) immune system that generates resistance to invading genetic elements, such as plasmids and phages, and provides a form of acquired immunity

• the system has been used for gene editing and has the ability to cut DNA at a specific sequence