genetics Flashcards
The acquisition of traits by their transmission from parent to offspring is called
inheritance or heredity
The concept of __ inheritance suggested that the determinants of hereditary traits are transmitted in discrete units from one generation to the next.
Particulate
Particulate inheritance was first proposed by the monk
Gregor/Gregory Mendel
The unit of heredity is the
gene
Most of Mendel’s experiments were conducted using __ plants.
pea or garden pea
True or false: Inheritance is the acquisition of traits by their transmission from offspring to parent.
False
What explanation of inheritance suggests that hereditary traits are determined by discrete units that are transmitted from one generation to the next?
Particulate inheritance
Mendel used the garden pea to study inheritance because the pea plants were:
easy to cross
Who suggested particulate inheritance in the 1860s?
Mendel
Match each term with the correct definition: Character
A general feature of an organism
Match each term with the correct definition: Trait
A specific variant of a feature of an organism
Match each term with the correct definition: gene
A genetic determinant that is passed intact from one generation to the next
Match each term with the correct definition: allele
A variant form of a genetic determinant
What is broadly defined as a unit of heredity?
A gene
Flower color is an example of a(n) __ in pea plants. Purple and white flower colors are examples of __.
Blank 1: character, characteristic, or phenotype
Blank 2: traits, trait, variants, or phenotypes
What type of plant did Mendel use for most of his work?
Pea
Each character that Mendel selected to study was found in exactly __ discrete variants.
2
The acquisition of traits by their transmission from parent to offspring is called
inheritance or heredity
Which of the following properties of the garden pea were advantageous for Mendel’s studies of inheritance?
- Pea plants have relatively few chromosomes.
- True-breeding strains were available.
- Many varieties with different traits were available.
- Pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized.
True-breeding strains were available.
Many varieties with different traits were available.
Pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized.
A variant form of a character is called a(n) ______, and a variant form of a gene is called a(n) ______.
trait; allele
When two P generation individuals are crossed, the offspring constitute the
F1 generation.
A general feature of an organism, such as plant height or flower color, is called a(n) ______.
character
A single-factor cross is one in which an experimenter follows
the variants of only one character.
Mendel chose to study characters of pea plants that occurred in:
two discrete variants
The offspring of two true-breeding parents that differ in a single character are called single-character hybrids, or
monohybrids or monohybrid
True or false: Inheritance is the acquisition of traits by their transmission from offspring to parent.
False
What ratio did Mendel observe in the F2 offspring in monohybrid crosses between true-breeding lines for dominant and recessive traits?
3 dominant : 1 recessive
Mendel used the garden pea to study inheritance because the pea plants were:
easy to cross
Match these terms describing alleles with their definitions: dominant
trait is displayed
Match these terms describing alleles with their definitions: recessive
trait is masked
Plants from two different true-breeding P generation lines are crossed to one another and produce offspring. These offspring are allowed to self-fertilize, which results in production of the:
F2 generation
A cross in which only one character is studied is called a(n) __-__ cross.
Blank 1: single or mono
Blank 2: factor or hybrid
Mendel’s “unit factors” are now called __, and their variant forms are referred to as __.
Blank 1: genes
Blank 2: alleles
Consider two true-breeding individuals that differ in a single character. If these mate, their offspring are
monohybrids
By convention, dominant alleles are written with a(n) __ letter.
capital, capitalized, uppercase, or upper-case
In Mendel’s experiments, he observed a 3:1 ratio between dominant and recessive traits in
the F2 generation of monohybrid crosses.
When two true-breeding plants that differ in a single character are crossed, the monohybrids display the __ trait, and the __ trait is masked.
Blank 1: dominant
Blank 2: recessive