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Bio 181 > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

In DNA replication, the strands on the original molecule are used as ______ for the synthesis of new DNA strands.

A

templates

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2
Q

The DNA strands that can be copied to produce new DNA strands are called the

A

template strands.

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3
Q

Which of the following processes proceeds according to the AT/GC rule?

A

DNA replication

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4
Q

________ synthesis begins at a site within a chromosome called the origin of replication.

A

DNA

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5
Q

DNA replication proceeds outward from two __ __, which are the sites where the template strands are unwound and new DNA is synthesized.

A

Blank 1: replication

Blank 2: forks

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6
Q

During what process are parental DNA strands used as templates for the synthesis of new DNA strands?

A

DNA replication

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7
Q

The term ________ refers to DNA replication proceeding outward from two replication forks.

A

bidirectional

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8
Q

During DNA replication, the parental DNA strand can also be called a(n) __ strand, because it is used for the synthesis of a daughter strand of DNA.

A

Blank 1: template

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9
Q

DNA replication of the prokaryotic chromosome

A

has a single origin of replication and is bidirectional

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10
Q

DNA replication relies on the ________ of DNA strands according to the ________ rule.

A

complementarity; AT/GC

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11
Q

The __ of replication is a site within a chromosome where DNA replication begins.

A

Blank 1: origin

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12
Q

During replication, the enzyme DNA __ uses energy from ATP to separate the two strands. This generates additional coiling ahead of the replication fork that is alleviated by another enzyme called DNA __.

A

Blank 1: helicase

Blank 2: topoisomerase or gyrase

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13
Q

During DNA synthesis, the sites where the two template strands are unwound and new DNA is made are called what?

A

Replication forks

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14
Q

The enzyme that causes DNA strand separation at the origin of replication is

A

helicase

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15
Q

DNA replication is described as ______ because DNA replication proceeds outward from two replication forks.

A

bidirectional

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16
Q

DNA helicase travels toward the replication fork using energy from ATP in this direction

A

5’ to 3’

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17
Q

Why do eukaryotic cells have multiple origins of replication?

A

To ensure timely replication of multiple, relatively large chromosomes

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18
Q

Which of the following processes proceeds according to the AT/GC rule?

A

DNA replication

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19
Q

Which enzyme alleviates the coiling in DNA strands just ahead of the replication fork?

A

Topoisomerase

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20
Q

Match the proteins involved in DNA replication with their function: helicase

A

causes DNA strand separation at the origin of replication

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21
Q

Match the proteins involved in DNA replication with their function: topoisomerase

A

relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork

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22
Q

Match the proteins involved in DNA replication with their function: single-strand binding protein

A

prevents the two DNA template strands from re-forming the double helix

23
Q

These coat the strands of template DNA to block the re-formation of the double helix

A

single-strand binding proteins

24
Q

The enzyme DNA __ separates the DNA strands and keeps the replication fork moving forward.

A

Blank 1: helicase

25
Q

The enzyme responsible for covalently linking nucleotides together to form DNA strands is called DNA

A

polymerase

26
Q

At the replication fork, the enzyme DNA helicase binds to one DNA strand and travels in this direction using energy from ATP

A

from 5’ to 3’

27
Q

Which enzyme is required to initiate DNA synthesis on a bare template strand?

28
Q

DNA replication of the prokaryotic chromosome

A

has a single origin of replication and is bidirectional

29
Q

This enzyme works by breaking a bond between the first and second phosphate and attaching a nucleotide dNMP to the 3’ end of the DNA strand via a phosphodiester bond.

A

polymerase

30
Q

The enzyme DNA __ relieves coiling in DNA strands ahead of the replication fork.

A

Blank 1: topoisomerase or gyrase

31
Q

As DNA polymerase slides along the DNA, individual nucleotides with three phosphate groups, called __ __, hydrogen-bond to the exposed bases in the __ strand according to the AT/GC rule.

A

Blank 1: deoxynucleoside
Blank 2: triphosphates
Blank 3: template

32
Q

The function of single-strand __ proteins is to coat the single strands of template DNA to prevent them from re-forming a double helix.

A

Blank 1: binding

33
Q

Which are enzymatic features of DNA polymerase?

  • It can only function in the presence of topoisomerase
  • It is unable to begin DNA synthesis on a bare template strand
  • It can only synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction
  • It is unable to proofread the newly–synthesized DNA
A

It is unable to begin DNA synthesis on a bare template strand

It can only synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction

34
Q

The enzyme DNA __ covalently links nucleotides to synthesize new DNA strands together during DNA replication.

A

Blank 1: polymerase

35
Q

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is TRUE?

  • Both the leading strand and the lagging strand are synthesized in a series of small fragments that are later connected
  • Both the leading strand and the lagging strand are synthesized continuously
  • The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in a series of small fragments that are later connected
  • The lagging strand is synthesized continuously while the leading strand is synthesized in a series of small fragments that are later connected
A

The leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in a series of small fragments that are later connected

36
Q

The enzyme DNA __ is needed to begin DNA synthesis on a bare template strand. This enzyme makes a short segment of __ called a primer that is complementary to a DNA sequence on the template strand.

A

Blank 1: primase

Blank 2: RNA

37
Q

DNA polymerase synthesizes short fragments of DNA on the lagging strand during DNA replication. These are called what?

A

Okazaki fragments

38
Q

DNA polymerase cleaves the bond connecting the first two phosphates in an incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate causing the release of a molecule of __ (PPi).

A

Blank 1: pyrophosphate

39
Q

An RNA __ is required to produce each Okazaki fragment in Escherichia coli.

A

Blank 1: primer

40
Q

Energy is generated to covalently connect adjacent molecules by breaking the bond between the

A

first and second phosphates in the dNTP

41
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

is the major replication enzyme.

42
Q

Once synthesis has begun, DNA can only be synthesized in a _______ direction

A

5’ to 3’

43
Q

The lagging strand is made

A

discontinuously in the opposite direction of the replication fork

44
Q

During DNA replication, the __ strand is synthesized continuously while the __ strand is synthesized as small fragments that are connected to each other to form a continuous strand.

A

Blank 1: leading

Blank 2: lagging

45
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for removing the RNA primers?

A

DNA polymerase I

46
Q

__ fragments are a series of DNA segments made on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

A

Blank 1: Okazaki

47
Q

The replication process is completed when the enzyme DNA __ forms a covalent bond between adjacent DNA fragments.

A

Blank 1: ligase

48
Q

In Escherichia coli, what enzyme adds DNA nucleotides during DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase III

49
Q

In DNA replication, the ______ strand is made discontinuously in the direction opposite to the movement of the replication fork.

50
Q

DNA polymerase I ______ RNA primers in the ______ direction.

A

removes; 5’ to 3’

51
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between adjacent DNA fragments to complete the replication process?

52
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

is the major replication enzyme.

53
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for removing the RNA primers?

A

DNA polymerase I

54
Q

The replication process is completed when the enzyme DNA __ forms a covalent bond between adjacent DNA fragments.

A

Blank 1: ligase

Bio 181 (18 decks)

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