General Subjunctive Rules + Indefinite Pronouns Flashcards
Subjunctive Present
Hopefully…(something good happens)
I hope that you (will) arrive on time
When?
Subjunctivo Presente
Ojalá…(algo bueno suceda)
Espero que llegues a tiempo
I hope for something to happen now or eventually
Emotion (incl. desires/hopes/wishes), impersonal, recommendation, or doubt in the present\future
Subjunctive Perfect
I hope you did what I told you.
You will not eat dessert until you have eaten the soup.
When?
Subjunctivo Perfecto
Espero que hayas hecho lo que te dije.
No comerás postre hasta que hayas comido la sopa.
Sub that for something to be completed before another
Past actions with present effect (emotion + …has happened)
Future condition to be met before something else can happen (future + when/until…)
Imperfect Subjunctive
I was happy you visited us
It would be nice that you called your mom. She was asking about you.
I don’t think he traveled to Spain, he has no money for that.
I wish that I had a…(money tree.)
What would you like? I’d like the meat, please.
When?
Sujunctivo Imperfecto
Estaba feliz de que nos visitaras
Sería bueno que llamaras a tu mamá. Ella estuvo preguntando por ti.
No creo que viajara a España, él no tiene dinero para eso.
Ojalá tuviera un…(árbol del dinero.)
¿Qué le gustaría? Quisiera la carne, por favor.
Prud/Court | Cond. Clauses | Wish/Opinon: not possible OR past
Past events
Conditional events
Present opinion about past event
Difficult or impossible wishes
Suggestions and requests
Pluperfect Subjunctive
If only I had saved them
I doubt that it would have been as easy as you say.
Do you think you could have graduated?
If you wouldn’t have lost your passport, you could come with me
If I’d known you were sad, I’d have gone to your house.
When?
Subjunctivo Pluscuamperfecto
Si (tan) solo los hubiera salvado
Dudo que hubiera sido tan fácil como dices.
¿Crees que hubieras podido graduarte?
Si no hubieras perdido el pasaporte, podrías venir conmigo
Si hubiera sabido que estabas triste, habría ido a tu casa.
Speculation about an alternate past
A situation that happened before the moment in which we express emotion (may have a connotation of repentance)
Imagine and express different actions or results in a situation that has already passed.
el/los
la/las
generally uses?
the
indicitive
mi(s)
tu(s)
su(s)
nuestro|a(s)
vuestro|a(s)
generally uses?
my
your
his/hers/theirs
ours
theirs
indicitive
este/esta
estos/estas
esto/esta
ese/esa
esos/esas
eso
aquel/aquella
aquellos/aquellas
aquello
generally uses?
this = ind
these = ind
that thing/topic = mixed
that one = ind
those = mixed
that thing/topic = mixed
that one = ind
those ones = mixed
that = mixed
mixed
Verbs related to wanting/needing often (but not always) require subjunctive.
The real test is wether something is real in the mind of the speaker.
This goes for most of subjunctive.
one
each/every
each one
certain/specific/some
one/any(one)/some(one)
(a) few/little
some
some, several, a few
a lot, much, many
another one
others, another, more
something/nothing
enough, quite
everything
any
none (of), not any (of)
nothing, not… anything
generally uses?
uno|a
cada
cada uno|a
cierto|a(s)
alguno|as
poco|as
uno|as
vario|as
mucho|as
otro
otro|as
algo
bastante
todo
cualquier(a)
(no…) ninguno|a (de)
(no…) nada
subjunctive
someone/somebody
some/some people
any/anybody/anyone, whoever
other(s)
one
oneself
everyone
none (of), not any (of)
nobody/anybody/no one
generally uses?
alguien
alguno|as
cual(es)quier(a)
otro|a(s)
sí
sí mismo|a
todos/todo el mundo
(no…) ninguno|a (de)
(no…) nadie
subjunctive
