Comparatives/Diminutives/Augmentatives Flashcards

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1
Q

Her office is bigger than ours.
He is buying less food than on Monday.

compartives with adjectives/nouns

A

Su oficina es más grande que la nuestra.
Él está comprando menos comida que el lunes.

element 1 + más/menos + adjective/noun + que + element 2

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2
Q

The computer is more useful than the typewriter.
The magazine is less productive than the encyclopedia.

compartives with adjectives/nouns

A

La computadora es más útil que la máquina de escribir.
La revista es menos productiva que la enciclopedia.

element 1 + más/menos + adjective/noun + que + element 2

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3
Q

She gets to the office earlier than I do.
The teacher speaks less seriously than you.

comparatives with adverbs

A

Ella llega más temprano que yo a la oficina.
El profesor habla menos seriamente que tú.

element 1 + más/menos + adverb + que + element 2

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4
Q

Doctors have worked more than us.
I usually speak less than my brother.

comparatives with verbs

A

Los doctores han trabajado más que nosotros.
Yo usualmente hablo menos que mi hermano.

element 1 + verb + más/menos + que + element 2

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5
Q

he is (older) greater than us
he is (younger) lower than her

A

él es mayor que nosotros
él es menor que ella

NO: (más) viejo/joven

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6
Q

so|as fast
so|as many|much cars

A

tan rápido
tantos carros

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7
Q

he is better than
he’s worse than

A

él es mejor que
él es peor que

NO: (más) bueno/malo

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8
Q

That backpack is not as nice as this purse.
(Preffered)

That backpack is uglier than this purse.

A

Esa mochila no es tan bonita como este bolso.
(Preferred)

Esa mochila es más fea que este bolso.

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9
Q

The play was as interesting as the film.
The play was (just as) equal of interesting (as) than the movie.
I’ve eaten (like) equal that him.

comparatives of equality

A

La obra de teatro fue tan interesante como la película.
La obra de teatro fue igual de interesante que la película.
He comido igual que él.

(no) verb + tan + adjetivo/adverbio + como
(no) verb + igual de + adjectivo/adverbio + que(como?)
(no) sub1 verb + igual que + sub2

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10
Q

Those two cats are equal of cute.
(preferred)

That cat is as cute as the other cat.

Those two cats are as cute as each other.

A

Esos dos gatos son igual de lindos.
(preferred)

Ese gato es igual de lindo que el otro gato.

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11
Q

My house is as big as yours.
My dad is as honest as yours.
Her friends are as fun as she is.

comparatives of equality (pronouns: poss/pers)

A

Mi casa es tan grande como la tuya.
Mi papá es tan honesto como el tuyo.
Sus amigas son tan divertidas como ella.

tan + adjetivo + como + pronombre poss|pers

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12
Q

This pizza is as delicious as the-one-that you make.
Her cat’s not as ugly as you said.
She’s as strong as she is healthy.

A

Esta pizza está tan deliciosa como la que tú haces.
Su gato no es tan feo como tú decías.
Ella está tan fuerte como saludable.

tan + adjectivo + como + artículo + que + oración
tan + adjectivo + como + oración
tan + adjectivo + como + adjectivo

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13
Q

He has as much patience as she does.
He has as many cats as she does.

My students learn as much as your students.
Rosario drinks as much as Carmen.

A

Él tiene tanta paciencia como ella.
Él tiene tantos gatos como ella.

Mis alumnos aprenden tanto como tus alumnos.
Rosario bebe tanto como Carmen.

tanto|a(s) como
verb + tanto como

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14
Q

the-thing best/worst/most/least

A

lo mejor/peor/más/menos

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15
Q

To prepare (Preparing) a burger is [the-thing] least easy.

A

Preparar una hamburguesa es lo menos fácil.

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16
Q

Diminutive categories (3)

A

Nouns / Adjectives
Time

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17
Q

Diminutive reasons (4)

A

Reduce size/importance
Express love/affection
Derogatory/Sarcasm
Youth

18
Q

Augmentative reasons (4)

A

Greater size/intensity
Negative connotation
Emphasize good qualities
Sudden hits/movements

19
Q

Casa
Gato

o/a

A

Casita
Gatito

-o/a +ito/a

20
Q

Papel
Caracol

cons Except n,r,z

A

Papelito
Caracolito

+ito/a

21
Q

Hombre
Bebé
Violín

n,r - e,i,u - accented vowel

A

Hombrecito
Bebecito
Violincito

+cito/a

22
Q

Nariz
Arroz

z

A

Naricita
Arrocito

-z +cito/a

23
Q

Lluvia
Novio
Novia

Voz

one sylable words
wrods that end in two vowels (io,ia,ie)

A

Lluviecita
Noviecito
Noviecita
Tecito
Vocecita

-endingVowel + ecito/a
-endingVowel + ecito/a

24
Q

Amigo
Amiga
Agua
Mango
Jugo

GA,GO,GUA

A

Amiguito
Amiguita
Agüita
Manguito
Juguito

-lastLetter +uito/a

25
Q

Barco
Mosca
Boca

CO,CA

A

Barquito
Mosquita
Boquita

-lastTwoLetters + quito/a

26
Q

Ahora
Momento
Rato
Tarde

A

Ahorita - Right now, later
Momentito - Little moment
Ratito - Little while
Tardecita - afternoonish

27
Q

Gordo|a
Solo|a
Poco|a

A

Gordito|a - chubby
Solito|a - lonely
Poquito|a - little bit

28
Q

Chocolate
Aguacate

A

Chocolatito
Aguacatito

exceptions

29
Q

Carlos
Lejos

singular ends in s

A

Carlitos
Lejitos

30
Q

Big house (2)
(Something) very large
Really bright sun
Big party

great size/intensity

A

Casota, Casona
Largote
Solazo
Fiestota

ote|a, azo|a, ón(a)

31
Q

person cries a lot | weepy
(not) good friend (frenemy)
big head

negative connotation

A

llorón(a)
amigote
cabezote

ón(a), ote|a

32
Q

very pretty hotel, big, good service
very pretty hair
very good film
really fun party
really good person

emphasize good qualities

A

hotelazo
pelazo
peliculón(a)
fiestón(a)
buenazo|a

ón(a), azo|a

33
Q

hit with the hand/shoe/folder/pillow

sudden hits/movements

A

manazo
zapatazo
carpetazo
almohadazo

azo|a

34
Q

bocota
bocazas

A

boca muy grande
persona indescreta al hablar

35
Q

hotelazo
hotelote

A

hotel con muy buenas característics
hotel muy grande

36
Q

cabezazo
cabezota
cabezón(a)

A

golpe con la cabeza
cabeza muy grande (persona terca)
persona con una cabeza grande (ofensivo)

37
Q

Fuerte
Bueno
Grande
Puerta

irregulars

A

Fortachón
Bonachón
Grandulón (neg)
Portazo

38
Q

size/intensity
negative connotation
emphasize good qualities
sudden hits/movements

Potbellied, Paunchy
Shove
Chubby cheeks
Big slap
Loud person
Glutton
Old bachelor(Spinster)

Armchair
Counter
Oil Lamp
Big bottle

can be used with nouns to form adjectives in a derogatory way
can be used with verbs to talk about impetuous or violent actions

A

-ÓN – ONA

Barrigón(a)
Empujón
Cachetón(a)
Bofetón
Gritón(a)
Comelón(a)
Solterón(a)

Sillón
Mesón
Velón
Botellón

39
Q

size/intensity
negative connotation

used in an ironic way to imply that something is excessive or exaggerated

Big boy/Big girl
Buddy
Big dog
Big cat
Huge
Very dumb
Really big and handsome man|woman
Big hug
Really big house
Big bed, queen size bed.
Big tummy
Fancy cell phone
Brainiac. Very intelligent

A

-OTE -OTA

Muchachote|a
Amigote|a
Perrote|a
Gatote|a
Grandote|a
Gafote
Hombrezote|Mujerzota
Abrazote
Casota
Camota
Barrigota
Telefonote
Cerebrote

40
Q

size/intensity
emphasize good qualities
sudden hits/movements

Hit by a shoe
Header
Hit by a bottle
Nudge
Great mustache
Great picture
Great success

A

-AZO -AZA

Zapatazo
Cabezazo
Botellazo
Codazo
Bigotazo
Fotaza
Exitazo

if the word ends in a vowel, change the last vowel by the suffix

41
Q

size/intensity — ALWAYS negative connotation
(to show contempt towards something or someone)

slum house
bad coffee
bad doctor
scrawny
very old

A

-UCHO – UCHA

Casucha
Cafesucho
Medicucho
Flacucho
Viejucho|a