General questions Flashcards
4 H and 4 Ts for cardiac arrest
Hypovoleamia
Hypo/hyper kalceamia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Toxins
Tamponade
Thrombosis
Tension pneumothorax
What causes hyperkalemia?
Acute kidney knjury
Chronic kidney disease
Also: Addisons, ACEi, T1 DM
What causes hypokalemia?
CKD
Diabetic ketoacidiosis
Diarrhea and vomiting
Diuretics
Aldosterenism - conn’s
Alcohol
What does the posterior pituitary secrete?
OAP
Oxytocin
ADH
in the Posterior pituituary
CXR features of LHF
ABCDE
Alveolar lines
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Upper lobe venous Diversion
Pleural Effusion
Causes of clubbing?
Cynotic heart disease
Lung disease - ABCDE
Ulcerative collitis/ crohns
Biliary sclerosis
Birth defect
Infective endocariditis
Neoplasms
GI malabsorption
Lung disease causes of clubbing?
Abscess
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Don’t say COPD
Empyema
Legal requirements for writing a prescription
Date
Name and address of patient
Name and address of presciber
Age/ DOB of patient if less than 12 years old
During test cranial nerves III, IV and VI with the “H” test the patient experiences diplopia. One eye is covered. How do you know which eye has the lesion?
The most lateral finger disappears in the eye with the lesion
What are the steps in the daibetic foot examination?
Intro - WIPE
Inspection
Palpation of pulses
Sensation - monofilament, vabriation, proprioception
GAIT
Ankle reflex
Comlete - bed side glucose, Lower limb neuro as well as PVE
What is pagets disease?
Bone remodeling leading to fragile and misshapen bones
Usually in th skull, spine, pelvis and legs
What is the most common cause of hypoalbuminaemia?
Acute or chronic inflammation
Causes of ABG respiratory alkalosis
pulmonary embolism
anxiety leading to hyperventilation
pregnancy
salicylate poisoning (initial stages)
CNS disorders e.g. stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, encephalitis
altitude
Causes of ABG respiratory Acidosis
COPD
opiate overdose
obesity hypoventilation syndrome
neuromuscular disease
life-threatening asthma (decompensated)
benzodiazepines overdose
