23 - Glomeruronephritis and PCKD Flashcards
How much protein in noramlly excreted through the kidneys?
<150 mg of protein
How much albumin in normally excreted through the kidneys?
<30 mg of albumin
What causes an increased specific gravity on urine dip?
dehydration
SIADH
CHF
Cirhoessis
protienurea
Wha causes a decreased specific gravity on urine dip?
diabeties insipidus
polydypsia
ATN
At what concentration dose urine dip become positive for urine dip?
> 300mg of protein in 24 hours
Therefore protein dip may be negative but ACR would show proteinurea as it is more sensative.
What does glucose on urine dip stick indicate?
Hyperglycaemia - T2 DM
Falconi syndrome - reduced proxima tubular reabsorption.
How are leukocytes detected on urine dip?
leukocyte esterase enzyme.
Incrased indicates UTI or malignancy
What do ketones on urine dip indicate?
DKA
alcoholism
starvation
ketogenic diets
What symptoms of nephrotic syndrome are seen?
Triad of:
Proteinurea
Hypoalbuminaemia
oedema
What types of nephrotic syndrome are there?
Minimal change
Focal segmental glomeruloscerosis
Membraneous glomerulonephritis
Membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis
What features of minimal change disease?
Common in children
Idiopahtic cause or by NSAIDS and neoplastic syndromes
Diagnosis by biopsy
Treated with steroids, relapses treated with immunosupressants
What are the freatures of focal segmental glomeruloscelorosis?
Common in adolescent, common to have reanl failure
Odiopahtic cause or secondary to other nephro-pathology
What are the features of membraneous glomerulonephritis?
Caysed by immune complex deposits on GBM.
???
What are the features of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis?
Associated with Hepatitis B and C
immune deposits penetrate through to the mesangium no just the GBM
What hapens to lipid during nephrotic syndorme?
Hypoproteinaemia causes the liver to synthesis lipids leading to hyperlipdeamia.
