Block 3 - DMOP Flashcards
CAM - Confusion Assesment Method Diagnostic Algorithm
1 - Acute and fluctuating
2 - Inattention
3 - Disorgonised thinking
4 - Altered level of consiousness
Delrium - 1 + 2 + 3/4
Symptoms of hypercalcaemia
Bones, stones, groans and psychic moans
What is Chvostek’s sign?
Tapping of temaralis muscle leading to it twitching.
Hypocalcaemia
What are the most common causes of dementia?
- Alzheimer’s
- Vascular dementia
What are the most common cause of hypokalaemia?
- GI loss - D&V
- Renal loss - Diuretics and conns
- Intracellular shift - B2 Agonist, insulin alkalosis
How is parkinsons clincally diagonosed
Bradykinesia and one of:
Tremor
Rigidity
Postural instability
What in a urine dip stick test indicates a UTI?
Nitrites
Causes for Delirium
Base line - dementia
Infections
Drugs and withdraw
Metabolic
Electrolyte disturbances
Delirium Vs Dementia
How is delirium differentiated?
Delirium is:
Acute
Variation in consciousness
Impaired attention
When patients are aggitated with delirium, what can be given to calm them down?
haloperidol - antipsychotic
lorazepam - benzo
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Low BP whe standing up.
Change > 25mmHg standing up vs sitting after 3 mins.
What is the treatment of orthostatic hypotension?
Rule out underlying: PD, DM, medications, hypothyroid, Addisons etc.
Flucortisone 50mg
What is cinacalcet?
Drug for hypercalcaemia
reduces PTH
When is tricuspid regurtitation heard and what is its causes?
Pansystolic
Indicates right sided herat failure
A high Urea Creatinine ration indicates?
Dehydration
AKI
How long is anticoagulation for:
1st DVT
Perisurgical DVT
Recurrent or clotting disorder
?
1st DVT = 6 months
Peri surgical DVT = 3 months
Recurrent or clotting disorder = life long
What organism causes Psuedomembraneous collitis?
C. Diff
What causes toxic megacolon?
C Dif
IBS - Ulcerative collitis and Crohns disease
Metastatic cancer which are likely to spread to the spine leading to cauda equina syndrome?
Breast
Prostate
Thyroid
Renal
Myeloma
2nd metastesis is the most comon cause for cauda equina syndrome.
What symptom may present for a anal fistula?
Sharp pain when passing stools
Burning after passing stools
PR bleeding
Back pain red flag questions
Parathesia or loss of power in limbs
Pelvic parathesia - new incontinence and urine retension
Trauma
Fever
When is a pneumothorax decompressed with a canula?
< 2 cm
Breathless
What indications are there for dialysis?
Acidosis
Electrolytes - K, Na, Ca
Intoxicants
Overload (fluid)
Ureamic (pericarditis, encephalopathy)
