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YEAR 3 Manchester Medicine > 5 - Diabetes > Flashcards

5 - Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a SE of sulfonylureas?

A

Hypos

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2
Q

What is the contraindication for prioglitazone?

A

Heart failure

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3
Q

Which needs to be tested before starting metformin?

A

Renal function

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4
Q

What is the definition of diabetes mellitus?

A

Level of hyperglycaemia sufficient to cause diabetic microvascular complication.

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5
Q

What level of fasting glucose indicates DM?

A

>11.1 mmmol/L

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6
Q

What random blood glucose indicates DM?

A

> 13 mmol/L

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7
Q

What value of HBA1C indicates DM?

A

48 mmol/mol

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8
Q

Can steroids cause DM?

A

Yes, or at least contribute to increased blood glucose

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9
Q

What risk factors are there for DM?

A

Male

Obeistiy - viseral

Black and south asian

Age

inactivity

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10
Q

Causes of increased urination

A

diabetes mellitus

diabetes insipidus

Hypercalcaemia

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11
Q

What regulates Ca serum levels?

A

Increased: parathyroid hormone and calcitriol

Decreased: calcitonin

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12
Q

Causes for hypercalceamia?

A

maligangncy

primary hypercalcaemia

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13
Q

Which medication for diabetes mellitus reduces peripheral insulin resistance?

A

Metformin

Pioglitazone

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14
Q

Which medication for diabetes mellitus increases ß pancreatic cell activity?

A

Sulphonureas

Meglitinides

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15
Q

Which medication for diabetes mellitus increase GLP-1

A

DDP4i

incretins

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16
Q

Which medication for diabetes mellitus slow glucose absoption?

A

acarbose

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17
Q

Which medication for diabetes mellitus enhances glocuse secretion from the kidneys?

A

SGL2 antagonists

18
Q

What are the SE of metformin?

A

GI symptoms and weight loss

19
Q

What are the SE for Pioglitazone?

A

osteoperosis

20
Q

What are the SE for sulphonureas?

A

weight gain

hypoglyceamia

21
Q

What are the SE for incretins and DPP4i?

A

wieght loss

22
Q

What are the SE for SGL2 antagonists?

A

wieght loss

increased risk of UTI

23
Q

Which medication for insulin have and increased risk of hypoglyceamia?

A

Pioglitazone

Sulphonureas

Insulin

24
Q

What is the first line therapy for DM?

A

life style change

25
Q

What is the 2nd line therapy for DM?

A

metformin

26
Q

What is the 3rd line therapy for DM?

A

Metformin +

DDP4i

Pioglitazone

sulphonureas

SGLT-2

27
Q

What is the 4th line therapy for DM?

A

Triple therapy including:

Metformin

DDP4i

Pioglitazone

sulphonureas

SGLT-2

28
Q

At what threshold would you increase the dose of medication for DM?

A

increase if HBA1C > 58 mmol/mol

29
Q

What is metabolic syndrome?

A

diabetes

dyslipideamia

hypertension

This leads to an increased risk of obeisity and CVD

30
Q

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Hyperventilation

Vomiting

Dehydration

Hypotention with warm peripheries

Decreased consciousness

31
Q

What occurs in diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

Hyperglyceamia

Hyperketonaemia

Acidosis

32
Q

Diffentiation between HSS and DKA?

A

DKA has hypernetonaemia which isn’t present in HSS

33
Q

What occurs during presentation of DKA?

A

hypernaturaemia

hyperkalaemia

hyperglycaemia

metabolic acidosis

34
Q

How to treat HHS or DKA?

A

IV fluids

K+ replacment

insulin

LMWH

35
Q

Where are GLUT 2 transporters?

A

ß pancreatic cells

36
Q

What is the target BP of diabetics?

A

<140/80 mmHg

37
Q

What should the Total cholesterol/ HDL in diabetics?

A

< 3

38
Q

What can acanthiosis nigracans indicate?

A

diabetes (not limited too)

39
Q

What are the symptoms of a severe hypoglyceamia?

A

Adreniergic symptoms - sweating symptoms, trembling, hunger

Neuroglycopenia - confusion, blurred vision, paraesthesiae

40
Q

A patient has hypoglyceamia but is fully conscious. What treatment do you give?

A

30ml of Lucazade or glucose bollus

41
Q

A patient has hypoglyceamia and is fitting or unconsious. What treatment do you use?

A

IM,SC or IV glucagon

Can use 50% glucose IV

42
Q
A

YEAR 3 Manchester Medicine (34 decks)

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