3 - Liver, biliary and pancreatic disease Flashcards
What causes Dark urine and pale stools?
Conjugated bilirubin from obstructive jaundice
What is biliary colic pain?
Pain in the RUQ
What risk factors are there for liver failure?
alcohol
drugs
travel
blood tranfussisons
tattoos
unprotective sexual activity
Indicators of liver function?
clotting factors
serum albumin
AST and ALT
alkaline phosphotase
LFT indicates hepatoccelular damage
AST/ ALT > AP
LFT indicates obstructive cause
AP > ALT/AST
Phosphatase = Blockage
Gliberts syndrome
Genetic condition where a person is not able to conjugate bilirubin
What is delirium tremens
acute confusion when chronic excessive drinking stops, can lead to seizures or death
Conjugated vs unconjugated bilirubin
Pre-hepatic jaundice
unconjugated bilirubin
Heamolysis - sickle cell, thalaseamia
malaria
gliberts syndrome
Hepatocellular jaundice
Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin
(cell damage but sclerosis also causes sclerosis therefore blocking canaliculi)
hepatitis
neonatal jaundice
Post heaptic juandice
conjugated
choledocholithiasis
pancreatic cancer (at the head)
pancreatitis
No uro/sterco-biliin (think stool and urine)
Fulminant hepatitis
heptatis with encaphalopathy within 28 days of jaundice
How long until hepatitis become chronic?
6 months
Stigmata of liver failure
palma erythema
leuconychia
spider naevi
caput medusa
Consequences of hepatitis
Pulmonary hypertension:
- varices
- piles
- ascites (due to RAAS malfunction)
Loss of function:
- jaundice
- caugulopathy
- decreased hormone metabolism
What is the management of acute alcohol withdraw
offer benzodiazpams -anxiety and siezure
wernickers encephalopathy - offer high dose thiamine
bilirubin is conjugated glucagonic by which enzyme
gycuronyl transferase
haha, your thought that was hard BUT IT WAS EASY
you will be a doctor one day
Heamachromatosis
iron overload
Wilsons disease
abnormal copper diposit in liver, brain and other tissues
