General Ecology Finals Part 2 Flashcards
To estimate plant densities, ecologists usually use
Mist nets
Suction sampler
Pitfall traps
Quadrats
Mark recapture
Quadrats
D-vac suction samplers are normally used to sample
Insects
Plants
Fish
Birds
Insects
We examined the population of common fanpetal on the grass at the main campus of FGCU. We used a squared quadrat (50 cm in length) and obtained the following result. The measurement was repeated 8 times. Use the data table below and answer questions.
Target plat
Common fanpetals
Rep#1
3
Rep #2
4
Rep #3
0
Rep #4
5
Rep #5
4
Rep #6
3
Rep #7
0
Rep #8
1
(1) mean [ans1]
(2) frequency [ans2]
(3) density ( m-2) [ans3]
2.5, 0.75, 10
Small soil-dwelling organisms may be sampled using a ______________________ .
line transect
Berlese funnel
quadrat
mist net
Berlese funnel
If you need to find 100 common fan petals, how many m2 do you need to search?
10
If the entire courtyard size is 9,020 ft2 (90.2 ft in width x 100 ft in length, 1 m2 = 11 square feet), how many flowers of common fanpetals can be seen in the entire courtyard? The answer should be rounded and written without a fractional component.
8,200
Which pattern of spacing is most common in nature?
Clumped
Fragmented
Perforated
Random
Uniform
Clumped
Tree competition from shading of neighbors and root competition results in which dispersion pattern?
Clumped
Indirect dispersion
Uniform
Random
Fragmented
uniform
FWC is monitoring the population of largemouth bass in Lake Trafford. In the first sampling effort, fish biologists captured 200 largemouth bass and marked all individuals with colored fin tags. Two weeks later fish biologists revisited the lake and caught 1000 fish. Among them, 10 fish were previously tagged. Based on this field experiment, FWC fish biologists estimated the population size of largemouth bass in Lake Trafford.
What were the estimated numbers of fish?
20,000
The construction of roads through an otherwise intact forest creates
Internal fragmentation
External fragmentation
Overdispersion
Perforated habitat
Internal fragmentation
Habitat is largely intact but small openings are created. This condition is called:
fragmentation
internal fragmentation
perforation
perforation
Landscape connectivity can be improved by
mist nets
metapopulations
corridors
corridors
_________ mammals are more common than _________ mammals.
Large/small
Small/large
Small/large
Generally, generation time increases as organismal ________ increases.
size
entropy
population
size
Large effective population size is important so that a species
will not lose large amounts of genetic diversity in the near future.
can minimize edge effects.
can maintain an adequate range.
does not change its trophic relationship.
will not lose large amounts of genetic diversity in the near future.
Which is not a possible type of metapopulation?
Non-equilibrium
equilibrium
Classic
Patchy
Core-satellite
core-satellite
A cohort is
A group of same aged young which grow and survive at different rates.
A group of different aged young which grow and survive at similar rates
A group of same aged young which grow and survive at similar rates.
A graphical representation of the numbers of individuals alive at various ages.
A number of individuals alive in different age classes
A group of same aged young which grow and survive at similar rates.
In a human-dominated world, __________ species are at risk of extinction.
r-selected
K-selected
K-selected
_____________ organisms generally have shorter generation times.
Larger
Smaller
Smaller
Survivorship of which of the following organisms is likely to be analyzed with a static life table?
Butterfly
Annual plant
American robin
Elephant
Elephant
Which type of survivorship curve best fits large animals?
II
III
I
IV
I
Which type of survivorship curve best fits insects?
I
III
II
IV
III
Good juvenile survival is dictated by which type of survivorship curve?
IV
III
II
I
I
How many different survivorship curves are known and used in general?
3
1
2
4
3
Given the following data which details numbers of lizards in subsequent years from birth to death, which type of survivorship curve is supported?
Data: 1000, 500, 250, 125, 63, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.
I
IV
III
II
II
Mutualism relationship is shown as +/+. What about the case of parasitism?
+ / 0
+ / +
+ / -
0 / 0
+/-
Pollination is an example of :
commensalism.
dispersive mutualism.
resource-based mutualism.
dispersive mutualism.
Ants and aphids are an example of :
defensive mutualism.
resource-based mutualism.
dispersive mutualism.
defensive mutualism.
The relationship between mycorrhizae and plants are an example of :
defensive mutualism
resource-based mutualism
dispersive mutualism
resource-based mutualism
Which defense strategy is more common in nature?
Batesian mimicry
intimidation
cryptic coloration
chemicals
cryptic coloration
Which defense mechanism is missing from Texas horned lizard?
puff themselves up
aposematic coloration
splash blood (intimidation/chemicals)
camouflage on the ground
aposematic coloration
Viceroy, queen, and monarch butterflies have the same basic warning coloration and all three are toxic to birds. This type of mimicry is called Batesian mimicry.
True
False
False
An innocuous scarlet king snake, Lampropeltis triangulum, mimics the poisonous coral snake, Micrurus nigrocinctus. This is called:
Batesian mimicry
Aggressive mimicry
Mullerian mimicry
Batesian mimicry
Parasites and disease are the largest factor of mortality in
large mammals.
small mammals and birds.
insects.
insects.
Many species of __________ cannot complete their life cycles without the presence of at least _______ different host species.
microparasites, two
macroparacites, three
microparasites, three
macroparacites, two
macroparacites, two
In the life cycle of macroparasite, Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus, starlings are used as:
intermediate host
definitive host
initiate host
definitive host
