Gene Expression and Function Flashcards
What is a sequence specific DNA binding protein that helps to regulate transcription initiation
Transcription factor
What enzyme replicates DNA?
DNA polymerase
What is used to initiate DNA replication
DNA replication is initiated by a small RNA primer
Which strand of DNA is used by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in RNA synthesis?
The template strand
How is the lagging strand of DNA synthesised during replication?
The lagging strand is made into short fragments called Okazaki fragments.
What is the structure of DNA?
The DNA is a double helix, with two anti-parallel strands
What type of bonding is involved in base pairing between the two strands of DNA?
Base pairing involves hydrogen bonding between C and G or A and T
What are the two ribosomal subunits required for translation in eukaryotes?
The 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits are required.
Can aminoacyl-tRNA carry multiple types of amino acids?
No. Each aminoacyl-tRNA is selective for only one specific amino acid.
Which two energy molecules are required for translation?
Translation requires both adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
What factors are necessary for the initiation of translation?
Translation initiation factors are required.
Which amino acid is carried by the first tRNA during translation initiation?
The first tRNA carries the amino acid methionine.
