✅Gender And Society Flashcards
Evidence for women and men not being equal
2016- 57% words working age women are in labour force compared to 70%
Women with full time jobs early only 77% of male earnings
Only recently in Saudi Arabia were women allowed to drive
Less than 30% words researchers are women
Why is it seen that women shouldn’t be equal
Infant life expectancy in China Education female genital mutilation Child marriage Human trafficking Unable to travel Citizenship Front line combat Work plus home jobs Maternity leave
What does gender and society topic consist of?
Effects of changing views of gender on Christian thought and practise
Christian teachings on role of men and women in family
Christian responded to contemporary secular views about roles of men and women
Ephesian
Mulieris dignitatem
Motherhood and parenthood
Different types of family
Are men and women equal within Christian family?
NO
Jesus and God and disciples are all men Women aren’t mentioned as much Bishops are only men “Wives submit to your husbands” Blaming eve for the fall of me Women should be silent in churches Wife’s duty to obey husband Men physically stronger therefore natural for him to lead - “husband is head of wife as x is to church @
Are men and women equal in Christian family?
YES
Many women in modern days don’t promise to obey husbands as part of vows. Equal opportunities, couple should share childcare and housework. Doesn’t always have to be the man who has the final say. “There is mother Jew not Greek, male nor female” Galatians. All United through Jesus
What is the women’s role in a conservative Protestant marriage?
To create a domestic heaven
Where is the role of the wife and mother traces back to?
Biblical figure of Eve
What is the mans role in a conservative Protestant marriage
To be a companion to his wife and provide for his family, assisting in education and discipline for his children
What is the purpose for mothers in a liberal Protestant marriage
No particular symbolic or otological significance
What is the real meaning of being a parent in a liberal Protestant family
Forming a family and seeing ones children grow up into mature adults
Do liberal Protestants believe all adults should be parents?
No- they acknowledge not all adults make good parents
What does the mulieris dignitatem day about women in society
Motherhood is at the heart of it, as positive social shift of recent times rejects kind of feminist criticisms
What is the model of motherhood in Roman Catholic? And why
Mary. Because she brings in God savlavation of the world
How well have the catholic high h acknowledged contemporary feminism
Male roles are far more egalitarian. Discarding feminist claims of false consciousness of the eternal feminine
Religious attitudes to a nuclear family
Roman Catholicism and conservative
Genesis “for a man shall leave his mother and father and join with his wife and 2 shall become one flesh” true love waits .
Religious attitudes to a nuclear family
Liberal Protestant
Follow the Quakers views- don’t have to be married “couple can be faithful in a loving relationship outside marriage”
Cohabitation isn’t a bad thing, will support trial marriages
Religious attitudes to a extended family
All
Honour your mother and father
Religious attitudes to alone parent family
Roman Catholic
Divorce is wrong. “Let man not separate” artificial methods are wrong
Religious attitudes to a step family
Roman Catholicism
Divorce is wrong. Let man not separate. Old Testament- Matthew allowed if adultery. Marriage is a sacrament. Cannot he undone. Won’t recognise counselling or divorce. If remarry, are commuting adultery. May grant annulment.
Religious attitudes to a step family
Conservative Protestant
Methodists. After divorce, people should allow to Remarry. Somethings relationships fail. Lesser of two evils.
Divorce. Forces couple- more consequences. Better to divorce than become destructive
Religious attitudes to a step family
Liberal Protestant
Divorce allowed if adultery occurs. Accept that divorce is necessary, lesser of two evils. Sometimes, it’s the most loving thing to do
Religious attitudes to a same sex family
Roman Catholicism
Very few allowed. Bible says man and women. Believe cohabiting is wrong- living in sin” . Shouldn’t have sex beofre marriage
Religious attitudes to a same sex family
Conservative
Very few allowed. Bible is man and women
Religious attitudes to a same sex family
Liberal Protestant
Very few allowed. Bible is man and women. Cohabitation is allowed. Quakers: “god in everyone” should listen to conscience. Not as the ideal, as a church. Not accepting families IN the church. But tolerate is. May seem love as a reason
What is Roman Catholic Christians
Use divine law
What is conservative Protestants
Use the bible as the literal word of God
What are liberal Protestants
Witness of God- Church of England
Religious attitudes to a polygamous family
10 commandments- adultery is wrong. Wrong to be promiscuous
Factors that change family social
Ease of divorce. Decline in marriages Wedding ceremonies Single parents Births outside marriage Cohabitation Blended families
Change in secular views of gender and society
Sex may determine gender. Feminists and non feminists alike the significative of sex and gender.
What is the essentialist view
Distinct characteristics which is biology
Existentialist
Little significance to bio and gender. Nurture through culture and upbringing
Gender and power- Marx
Marxs notions that human interactions are usually about power and control
Michael Foucault in gender and power
Ancient Greeks to present day- can’t be defined in binary terms. It’s a spectrum of sexual practises. ARS EROTICA, maintaining power, scientists sexualis.
Feminism 1st wave
Focus on equality rights.
HARRIET TAYLOR:enfranchisement of women, 1851.
Right to vote, real in political and pay etc
Feminisms 2nd wave
1960’s.
BETTY FRIEDAN
feminine mystique “ 1963. Said women were bored and frustrated. Wi thoigh change of attitude, tackled patriarchy
Feminism 3rd wave
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR
transforming equality feminism. Isn’t just that the mindset if men needs changing, but women also. False-consciousness. “Second sex” women have allowed them to Become role of wife etc.
“One is not born, but rather becomes a women in society”.
Pope John Paul II
Is motherhood liberating or restricting?
Becoming a mother is ultimate fulfilment in female potential.
Motherhood enables women to put in practise skills of nurture, patience, feeding, care and compassion.
Papal letter “mulieris dignitatem” 1988.
Context of catholic Christianity, motherhood gives women opportunity to fulfil potential in creation and nurture.
Simone de Beauvoir
Is motherhood liberating or restricting?
Wrote about the ways in which motherhood forces a woman to suspend her own interests and personality in order to take care of her children.
Women have motherhood forced upon them, leaves them crushed and unable to develop as individuals while christen are young, and then are left empty and without purpose once Chidlren are grown
Most women
Is motherhood liberating or restricting?
Motherhood is not.
Not the same for any 2 women.
Experience varies widely, depending on the mothers relationship with her partner.
Physical and mental health
If she has enough money and whether extended family supports her.
For better than expected and also worse.
Liberating and resticting, labelling fails to take in account different factors of parenthood.
Anne Oakley
Is motherhood liberating or restricting?
Interviewed woman and gave accounts of their lives and own words. Describing how they feel about housework and motherhood.
Women’s feeling that she needs to become a mother isn’t biological but socialisation. No such thing has maternal instinct
Wrote in which women feel powerless during childbirth, men take over as doctors. Treat them as cases.
Frustration when they have to say at home, sense of relief at realising other women didn’t always find motherhood easy
What is mulieris dignitatem?
An apostolic letter issued by Pope John Paul II, 1988.
Part 18 is about motherhood. 19- motherhood in relation to covenant.
Mulieris dignitatem 18
Mutual gift of the person in marriage opens to the gift of a new life. A new human being. Bringing a special openness to the new person.
Motherhood is the fruit of the marriage union
Mulieris dignitatem 19
Mary- motherhood of the mother of god. Proto-evangelism. We see through math, through her maternal fiat.
Pain of childbirth is linked to all the suffereing of women in the world
Childbirth links to suffering of Christ.
