GENBIO - Cell Theory, Structure, and Function Flashcards
It is an idea supported by many tests that have been repeated over and over to prove the same result.
THEORY
A collection of ideas and conclusions from many different scientists over time that describes cells and how cells operate.
CELL THEORY
Spectacles where first made in Europe
13TH CENTURY
First compound (double lens) light microscopes were constructed
16TH CENTURY
His most notable publication was Micrographia (1665)
ROBERT HOOKE (1665)
He was able to coin the term ‘‘cell’
ROBERT HOOKE (1665)
Father of Cytology
ROBERT HOOKE (1665)
He discovered nucleus
ROBERT BROWN (1831)
Father of Microscopy
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
First person to observe protozoa and bacteria and calls them animalcules- little animals
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
He was the first to examine a drop of pond water under the microscope.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observe what and call them animalcules or little animals?
protozoa and bacteria
Widespread importance of cells was realized.
1830’s
A German lawyer turned botanist, concluded that plants were made of cells and that plant embryo arose from a single cell.
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
He discovered plant cell
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
Discovered animal cell
Theodor Schwann (1839)
A German zoologist
Theodor Schwann (1839)
He concluded that all animals are made of cells.
Theodor Schwann (1839)
What tenets of cell theory states that regardless of how complex or simple an organism is, it is made up of cells?
All organisms are composed of
one or more cells.
It is the basic functional and
structural unit of life
CELL
It carries out the morpho-anatomy
and physiology of an organism
CELL
It is smallest unit that can carry out
all the processes necessary for life.
CELL
What is biogenesis?
Cells can arise only by division from
pre-existing cell.
It states that life arose spontaneously from inaminate matter.
ABIOGENESIS OR SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
He proposed that mice could arise
from rags and wheat kernels left
in an open container for 3
weeks
JAN BAPTISA VAN HELMONT
He refuted the notion that maggots
spontaneously generate on meat led
out in the open air.
Francisco Redi
It states that the cell is everything. The very structure that carries out all biochemical activities to maintain cellular life.
Single-celled or Unicellular organisms
It states that the whole organism, first begins as one cell. This first cell undergoes a series of division to increase the number of cells.
Multicellular organisms
They are the functional units within a cell.
Cell Organelles
They have specialized structure and function.
Cell Organelles
They work together in a coordinated manner to ensure the cell’s survival and proper functioning.
Cell Organelles
They enable the cell to live, grow, and reproduce.
Cell Organelles
They are only found in eukaryotic cells.
Membrane-Bound Organelles
These organelles are enclosed by phospholipid bilayer membrane.
Membrane-Bound Organelles
What are the Membrane-Bound Organelles?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
It control center of the cell.
Nucleus
Direct the cellular activites
Nucleus
It contains genetic material such as DNA
Nucleus
It is the powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Responsible for ATP production
Mitochondria
ATP production is also called
Cellular Respiration
It is the factories of energy.
Mitochondria
It involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
It carries protein synthesized in ribosomes to different parts of the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is the transportation system of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
It has a very high concentration of mitochondria
Muscle cells
Prominent in Liver
Protein
It synthesize or modify the protein.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
This where lipid metabolism, detoxification and storage of calcium ions takes place.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
It monitors, regulate, and selectively
controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell Membrane
It is made of phospholipids.
Cell Membrane
It is the out layer of the cell
Cell Membrane
It allows nutrients into the cell and wastes outside of the cell.
Cell Membrane
It is the ribosome production factory.
Nucleolus
After creation of ribosomes in Nucleolus, they move to the —-
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
It is responsible for synthesizing
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling
ribosomal subunits.
Nucleolus
Site where proteins are made (synthesize).
Ribosomes
Site for mRNA translation into protein.
Ribosomes.
Packaging house of the cell
Golgi Complex
Sort, modify, package, and distribute cell products (proteins and lipid) to where it is needed.
Golgi Complex
Digests food particles and cell parts.
Lysosome
Garbage Men
Lysosomes
Protects cell by digesting foreign invader
Lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes that break
down various biomolecules, including
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Lysosomes
It is called the programmed cell death.
Apoptosis
It contains enzymes that are specialized to digest toxic substances
Peroxisomes
A network of protein filaments (microtubules and microfilaments) that help the cell move and maintain its shape.
Cytoskeleton
It has a pair of centrioles
Centrosomes
It makes microtubules.
Centrosomes
Rough ER provides sites for protein synthesis, with ribosomes bound to its membrane. The translated proteins are exported into the ER for maturation.
These proteins are then transported to the ———— for further maturation and sorting before being released
Golgi Apparatus
