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Grade 11 - 1st Semester (Mockup Test/Reviewer) > GEN BIO - Cell Cycle > Flashcards

GEN BIO - Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides

A

CELL CYCLE

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2
Q

two major phases of cell cycle

A

Interphase and Mitotic phase (M-phase)

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3
Q

Highly regulated process

A

CELL CYCLE

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4
Q

cells undergoes normal growth processes and there is a replication of DNA and other organelles

A

INTERPHASE

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5
Q

When the cell spends most of its
time, it is called _____.

A

Longest Phase

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6
Q

In resting phase, the cell is at rest but ____________.

A

Metabolically active

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7
Q

The largest phase in which 95% of growth occurs.

A

INTERPHASE

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8
Q

The cell is growing, copying it’s DNA and preparing for division

A

INTERPHASE

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9
Q

The copying of DNA is called

A

synthesis or replication

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10
Q

Three stages of interphase:

A

⚬ G1 (Gap1 Phase/ Growth 1 phase)
⚬ S (Synthesis Phase)
⚬ G2 (Gap2 Phase/ Growth 2 phase)

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11
Q

the cell increases in size, make new set of organelles, protein
synthesis

A

G1 Phase

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12
Q

3 Major Checkpoints

A
  1. G1 checkpoint
  2. G2 checkpoint
  3. M-checkpoint
    (metaphase checkpoint
    or spindle checkpoint )
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13
Q

known as the restriction
point

A

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

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14
Q

Verify whether all the cellular activities are accurately completed at each stage of interphase

A

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

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15
Q

The main decision point for a cell – that is, the primary point at which it must choose whether or not to divide.

A

G1 Checkpoint

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16
Q

G1 Checkpoint is located at _____________.

A

the end of the cell cycle’s G1 phase,

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17
Q

G1 Checkpoint is called a restriction point for ____________.

A

ANIMAL CELL

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18
Q

G1 Checkpoint is called a start point for ____________.

A

YEAST CELLS

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19
Q

Check growth condition depends on:

A
  1. CELL SIZE
  2. NUTRIENTS
  3. DNA INTEGRITY
  4. MOLECULAR SIGNALS
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20
Q

Longest and the most essential stage of interphase

A

SYNTHESIS PHASE

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21
Q

The cell replicates its DNA

A

SYNTHESIS PHASE

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22
Q

The DNA double helix is unzipped completely by an enzyme called

A

HELICASE

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23
Q

One DNA nucleotide at a time is added to BOTH sides of the DNA strand With the help of another enzyme called DNA

A

POLYMERASE

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24
Q

The cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins while preparing for cell division.

A

G2 Phase

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25
Q

Reorganize cell organelles and DNA condensation

A

G2 Phase

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26
Q

Determine state of pre-mitotic
cell

A

G2 Checkpoint

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27
Q

Ensure that all the chromosomes have been replicated and that the replicated DNA is not damaged

A

G2 Checkpoint

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28
Q

identify a replication faults

A

G2 Checkpoint

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29
Q

The cell prepares for division and
checks for errors

A

G2 Checkpoint

30
Q

DNA integrity and replication

A

G2 Checkpoint

31
Q

If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA and damage cannot be repaired, what will occurs to ensure that the damage DNA is not passed on the daughter cells?

A

Apoptosis or programmed cell
death will occurs.

32
Q

In mitotic phase the cell undergoes different stages, what stages are these?

A

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

33
Q

It follows the mitosis phase, where cytoplasm divides.

A

Cytokenesis

34
Q

Occurs near the end of the
metaphase stage of karyokinesis.

A

M Checkpoint

35
Q

Ensure proper spindle assembly and correct attachment to centromeres.

A

M Checkpoint

36
Q

It is a fundamental process to create life, occurring in all forms of it, ensuring the perpetuity of their existence, as well as growth, tissue replacement/repair, and reproduction in multicellular organisms.

A

Cell Division

37
Q

Happens when a parent cell divides into two or more cells called daughter cells.

A

Cell Division

38
Q

In cell division, parent cells are ___________.

A

Diploid

39
Q

Long and thread-like DNA in a non-dividing cell is called

A

Chromatin

40
Q

Doubled, coiled, short DNA
in a dividing cell is called

A

Chromosome

41
Q

All somatic (body) cells in an organism have

A

the same kind and number of chromosomes

42
Q

Many organisms, especially unicellular organisms, reproduce by means of cell division

A

asexual reproduction

43
Q

It occurs in all the somatic (body) cells

A

Mitosis

44
Q

Where Mitosis occurs?

A

Somatic (Body) Cells

45
Q

It is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells

A

MITOSIS

46
Q

FUNCTION OF MITOSIS

A

Growth and Repair, Cell reproduction

47
Q

Phases of Cell Cycle

A

Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

48
Q

What will happen when mutation occurs,

A

the cell loses a control to divide which development of diseases cancer cells and eventually become leads disorder

49
Q

a result from a pathophysiological response to external or internal factors.

A

Disease

50
Q

gain or loss of whole chromosomes.

A

Aneuploidy

51
Q

a disease that occurs when the cell cycle is no longer regulated.

A

Cancer

52
Q

a cancer that starts in the skin
tissues or the that line other organs

A

CARCINOMA

53
Q

is a cancer of connective tissues

A

SARCOMA

54
Q

a cancer of bone marrow, which creates blood cells

A

Leukemia

55
Q

Also known as trisomy 21

A

DOWN SYNDROME

56
Q

trisomy 13

A

PATAU SYNDROME

57
Q

Also known as trisomy 18

A

EDWARD SYNDROME

58
Q

a boy with an extra copy of the X chromosome

A

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME, XXY

59
Q

when one of the x chromosomes is missing

A

TURNER SYNDROME, XO

60
Q

Due to deletion chromosome 11

A

PARIS-TROUSSEAU SYNDROME

61
Q

is a cell division process where a single (parent) cell divides twice to produce four independent (daughter) cells

A

MEOSIS

62
Q

When Meiosis takes place?

A

REPRODUCTIVE CELL

63
Q

Homologous chromosomes
exchange parts of DNA with each
other; this process is known as

A

CROSSING OVER

64
Q

The points of physical contact
from which the genetic
materials are exchanged are
known as

A

CHIASMATA

65
Q

Crossing over leads to genetic recombination, which
increases

A

GENETIC DIVERSITY

66
Q

The nuclear membrane
initiates to break down, and
the spindle fibers appear
again

A

PROPHASE II

67
Q

daughter chromosomes are
pulled towards the opposite
poles the help of the spindle
fibers

A

ANAPHASE II

68
Q

WHAT IS THE END RESULT OF MEIOSIS?

A

four non-identical, haploid daughter cells are formed, each having half chromosome number

69
Q

Karyokinesis is also called

A

Mitosis

70
Q
A

Grade 11 - 1st Semester (Mockup Test/Reviewer) (10 decks)

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