Gen Vol 2 Eh Eh Eh Flashcards
Allele
Version of a gene/ trait
Dominant allele
Shows up
Recessive allile
Is hidden
Generations terms
P- parent generation
F1 - first filial generation
F2 - 2nd filial generation
Cross sibs
Cross between siblings from the same parents
Backcross
Parent crossed with an offspring
Self cross
Crosses with its self or genetic twin
True breeding
Homólogos chromosomes
Locus
Location (where is it found? Which part of the chromosome which chromosome)
Wyldetype allile
Allile that show up the most in a population
Mutant allele
Most rare version of the allele
Reciprocal cross
When you switch genders
So for example you have
Red hair dad and a brown hair mom and you switch to brown hair dad and red haired mom p
Test cross
If one parent is receive
And all children come out dominate they are homogeneous
If some kids have 1/2 dominate and 1/2 recessive then parent is heterozygous
Phenotype
Physical apearence
Zygote
Diploid cell
Homozygote and heterozygous
Homo AA
Hetero Aa
And and or
And is x
Or is +
Codominate
Mixture of the the two allile s ink like either of the parents
One is more then the other more splotchy or dots
Incomplete dominate
Neither is dominate
So is mixture of the two
Entirely new
How many chromosomes are in a human healthy
46
All genes are for the most part very similar with little deviation
Karyotype
Picture of chromosomes laid out from tallest chromosome 1 to shortest chromosome 22 (21 is actually shorter the 22) and then the sex chromosomes
Autosomal chromosomes
1-22
Same in both men and women
Carry female sex characteristics
Along with the X chromosome
Sex chromosomes
X and Y
Y Carrie’s male characteristics which is about 50 genes (ex testosterone)
Number disorder
Remember they double before mitosis
Based on amount of chromosomes
Non dysfunction
Failure for spindle fibers to attach to one chromosome and failure to attach can happen in meiosis 1 or 2
In 1 - 100% are abnormal
In 2 - 50% are abnormal
Turner syndrome
One less X chromosome or woman with only one x
Have 45 chromosomes
Shorter and sterile
Monosomy
Kline felter syndrome
Male with xxy
Trisomy
Taller with breast development generally not fertile
47 chromosomes
Dosage compensation
Only one x is activated after a few days In development in females
Creates a bund body which is only found in women and men with kleinfelter syndrome
Repro both x are active
Aneuploidy
Missing a chromosome
Or extra chromosomes
Monosomey
Missing one
45
Trisomy
Add 1 extra 47
Tetrasomy
2 extra copies 48
Polyploidy
Whole extra set of multiple generally is lethal
Plants can handle it
Leads to seedless plants
Triploidy
3 copies of all 69
Tetraploidy
4 copies of all 92
Structure disorders
Normal #
Is missing several genes or misplaced genes because of structural mess ups
Deletion
One break can cause who genetic code to go missing
Duplication
An extra piece that has been copied twice
Trisomy for those genes (techniqly)
Inversion
Two cuts and then flip over
Or inverts
Still has all the genes no problems normaly
Translocation
2 non homologous chromosomes swap different parts
Doesn’t make that much of a difference
