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Bio 181 > Gen Vol 2 Eh Eh Eh > Flashcards

Gen Vol 2 Eh Eh Eh Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Allele

A

Version of a gene/ trait

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2
Q

Dominant allele

A

Shows up

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3
Q

Recessive allile

A

Is hidden

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4
Q

Generations terms

A

P- parent generation
F1 - first filial generation
F2 - 2nd filial generation

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5
Q

Cross sibs

A

Cross between siblings from the same parents

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6
Q

Backcross

A

Parent crossed with an offspring

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7
Q

Self cross

A

Crosses with its self or genetic twin

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8
Q

True breeding

A

Homólogos chromosomes

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9
Q

Locus

A

Location (where is it found? Which part of the chromosome which chromosome)

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10
Q

Wyldetype allile

A

Allile that show up the most in a population

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11
Q

Mutant allele

A

Most rare version of the allele

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12
Q

Reciprocal cross

A

When you switch genders
So for example you have
Red hair dad and a brown hair mom and you switch to brown hair dad and red haired mom p

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13
Q

Test cross

A

If one parent is receive
And all children come out dominate they are homogeneous

If some kids have 1/2 dominate and 1/2 recessive then parent is heterozygous

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14
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical apearence

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15
Q

Zygote

A

Diploid cell

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16
Q

Homozygote and heterozygous

A

Homo AA
Hetero Aa

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17
Q

And and or

A

And is x
Or is +

18
Q

Codominate

A

Mixture of the the two allile s ink like either of the parents
One is more then the other more splotchy or dots

19
Q

Incomplete dominate

A

Neither is dominate
So is mixture of the two
Entirely new

20
Q

How many chromosomes are in a human healthy

A

46
All genes are for the most part very similar with little deviation

21
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture of chromosomes laid out from tallest chromosome 1 to shortest chromosome 22 (21 is actually shorter the 22) and then the sex chromosomes

22
Q

Autosomal chromosomes

A

1-22
Same in both men and women
Carry female sex characteristics
Along with the X chromosome

23
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

X and Y
Y Carrie’s male characteristics which is about 50 genes (ex testosterone)

24
Q

Number disorder

A

Remember they double before mitosis
Based on amount of chromosomes

25
Q

Non dysfunction

A

Failure for spindle fibers to attach to one chromosome and failure to attach can happen in meiosis 1 or 2

In 1 - 100% are abnormal
In 2 - 50% are abnormal

26
Q

Turner syndrome

A

One less X chromosome or woman with only one x
Have 45 chromosomes
Shorter and sterile

Monosomy

27
Q

Kline felter syndrome

A

Male with xxy

Trisomy

Taller with breast development generally not fertile

47 chromosomes

28
Q

Dosage compensation

A

Only one x is activated after a few days In development in females

Creates a bund body which is only found in women and men with kleinfelter syndrome

Repro both x are active

29
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Missing a chromosome
Or extra chromosomes

30
Q

Monosomey

A

Missing one
45

31
Q

Trisomy

A

Add 1 extra 47

32
Q

Tetrasomy

A

2 extra copies 48

33
Q

Polyploidy

A

Whole extra set of multiple generally is lethal
Plants can handle it
Leads to seedless plants

34
Q

Triploidy

A

3 copies of all 69

35
Q

Tetraploidy

A

4 copies of all 92

36
Q

Structure disorders

A

Normal #
Is missing several genes or misplaced genes because of structural mess ups

37
Q

Deletion

A

One break can cause who genetic code to go missing

38
Q

Duplication

A

An extra piece that has been copied twice
Trisomy for those genes (techniqly)

39
Q

Inversion

A

Two cuts and then flip over
Or inverts
Still has all the genes no problems normaly

40
Q

Translocation

A

2 non homologous chromosomes swap different parts

Doesn’t make that much of a difference

Bio 181 (12 decks)

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