Ecosystem

Question 1

Energy flow through the ecosystem
Nutrients

Answer 1

Uv light converted into chemical energy

High quality energy in and low quality energy out

Nutrients cycle through

Question 2

Law of the conservation of mass

Answer 2

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed (in an isolated system)

All nutrients are rearranged

Question 3

Laws of thermodynamics

Answer 3

1st law is energy cannot be created nor destroyed

2nd entropy is increased every thing an energy changes forms (we will loose energy to create chaos/heat)

Entropy: (heat)

Question 4

Energy budget and trophic levels

Answer 4

200j consumed in all

100j which are feces and not assimilated

33j growth(new biomass; secondary production)

67j are used in cellular respiration

Question 5

10percent tule

Answer 5

Only ten percent of energy moves on to next step

Question 6

Gpp

Answer 6

Gross primary productivity

Autotrophs
Total energy produced by photosynthesis and chemosynthisids

Question 7

Npp

Answer 7

Net primary productivity
Is energy created after subtracting energy used in metabolismo

Question 8

NEP

Answer 8

Net ecosystem productivity
(Photosynthesis energy)- (producer metabolism-consumer metabolism)

Can be +-

Question 9

Energy pyramid

Answer 9

10% rule
Gpp in NEP out

Question 10

Biomass pyramid

Answer 10

How much each level ways in total
More at the bottom less at the top

Question 11

Number pyramid

Answer 11

Is just the amount of species
Bug base and low top

Question 12

Trophic cascades (top down)

Answer 12

When you remove the a top level organism which will have trickle down effects on all the other species (think keystone species)

Question 13

Biomagnification

Answer 13

Bottom up
Lower trophic level is low
Higher level has greater concentration

Lipid soluable compounds stay in your tissues so they stay in the body and through eating and eating

Question 14

Water cycel

Answer 14

Main reservoir (main available) (glaciers -freshwater) (ocean- salt water)
What makes it available
Processes
Evaporation
Precipitation
Condensation
Sublimation- solid to gas
Run off
Ground water

Question 15

Carbon cycle

Answer 15

Co2 in atmosphere
Fossil fuels (most not usable) humans put a lot of extra via fossil fuels Into the atmosphere - leads to acidic oceans due to buffer system

Gas exchange ie cell resp
And photosynthesis

Question 16

Nitrogen

Answer 16

N2 atmosphere (main and useable)
N2 has 3 bonds
Broken down by special bacteria (nitrogen fixation) into amonium

Other bacteria turn it into nitrite and then nitrate (nitrification)

Denitrifacton by some bacteria back into n2 from nitrate

Some nitrate is taken into food webs and is brought back to ammonium by ammonification by de composers

Question 17

Phosphorus cycle

Answer 17

Mostly found in rock form or aerosol
Limiting nutrient - not high abundance

N and phosphorus from crop nutrients collects in streams and then the oceans and creates dead zones ie eutrification

Rock weathering can introduce some to the ecosystem

Question 18

Eutrophication

Answer 18

Nutrients collect in water
Alge grows exponential
Cuts off light and o2 from water
When algae dies it sinks to the bottoms and decomposes through a process that causes even less o2 In the water making it uninhabitable for many species

Question 19

Sulfur cycle

Answer 19

Resivoir is the soil (H2S and so4)

If found in the air will cause acid rain

Question 20

Biodiversity

Answer 20

Number of unique species
Variety of genetic makeup

Animals are the most diverse (insects)

The larger the habitat the more types of species that can be there

Question 21

Biodiversity hot spot

Answer 21

High amount of diversity whith a large chance of human caused death

Ie 80% of forests have been effected by humans

50% of life have been effected by humans

Mostly tropic environments in 3rd world nations

Question 22

Mass extinctions

Answer 22

Permian extinction - leads to the dinosaurs after Pangea being formed lots of water life died

Cretáceos - dinosaurs caused by ice age and meteor strike

Diversification increase after extinction. So they can evolve into new open niches

Humans are causing massive death

Question 23

Ecosystem services

Answer 23

Needs being met
Food
Medicine
Other things