GEN BIO SUMMATIVE 1.2 Flashcards
Prokayotic and Eukaryotic Cells, Animal Tissue, Plant Tissue, Cell Modification
Plant Cell Special Features
- CHLOROPLAST
- CELL WALL
Animal Cell Special Features
-LYSOSOME
- CENTRIOLES
- CENTROSOME
create and store usable energy through the process of photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST
provides the cell with rigid structure
CELL WALL
used for the storage of water and some other materials
VACUOLE
They usually have many small vacuoles
ANIMAL CELLS
No nucleus
PROKARYOTIC CELL
Few organelles (no membrane-bound organelles)
PROKARYOTIC CELL
Small in size
PROKARYOTIC CELL
has nucleus
EUKARYOTIC CELL
Many membrane-bound organelles
EUKARYOTIC CELL
Large in size
EUKARYOTIC CELL
Humans, plants, fungi, etc.
EUKARYOTIC CELL
TWO KINGDOMS OF PROKAYOTIC CELLS
- Archaebacteria (Archae)
- Eubacteria (Bacteria)
4 Kingdoms of Eukaryotic cells
- PROTISTA
- FUNGI
- PLANTAE
- ANIMALIA
A simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membranebound organelle.
PROKARYOTIC CELL
This is where DNA is found in prokaryotic cells
NUCLEOID
have flagella, pili, or fimbriae.
PROKARYOTIC CELL
Long, whip-like appendages
FLAGELLA
Primarily used for movement.
FLAGELLA
Hair-like structures
PILI
for attachment and genetic exchange (conjugation)-type of reproduction).
PILI
bristle-like appearance.
FIMBRIAE
used mainly for attachment to surfaces.
FIMBRIAE
they are simple
PROKARYOTES
basic structures of PROKARYOTES
- DNA
- Cell/plasma membrane
- Cell wall
- Ribosomes
Has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments or sacs, called organelles,
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
this means โtrue kernelโ or โtrue
nucleus,โ alluding to the presence of the membrane-bound nucleus in these cells.
EUKARYOTIC
โlittle organโ
ORGANELLE
more complex
EUKARYOTES
can be multicellular or
unicellular.
EUKARYOTES
contain many organelles
EUKARYOTES
Four common components of PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Deoxyribonucleic aid (DNA)
- Ribosomes
At ______ ฮผm in diameter, prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic
cells, which have diameters ranging from 10โ100 ฮผm.
0.1-5.0
cell size is limited because volume increases much more quickly than does cell surface area.
TRUE
A group of cells with similar
structure, functions, and origin
working together
TISSUES
Animal Tissue has been classified based on the ______, ______ and ______ in the body
type of cell, function and location
Four Major Animal Tissue Types
- EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- MUSCULAR TISSUE
- NERVOUS TISSUE
This tissue has a free surface, which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
provides a covering or a lining for some part of the body
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Type of tissue that forms the outer layer of the body and lines internal organs
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Acts as a protective barrier, helps in ABSORPTION, SECRETION, and SENSATION
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
EPITHELIAL TISSUE Examples
Skin, Lining of the mouth and nose, lining of digestive system
form glands
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
The cells of the tissue are
closely connected to each other
via cellular junctions
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Two Distinct Surfaces of Epithelial Tissue
- Apical surface
- Basal surface
is exposed to the body cavity or
exterior
APICAL SURFACE
is adjacent to the underlying tissue.
BASAL TISSUE
Two types of Epithelial Tissues
- SIMPLE EPITHELIUM
- COMPOUND EPITHELIUM
is composed of a single layer of cells and functions as a lining for body cavities, ducts, and tubes
SIMPLE EPITHELIUM
consists of two or more cell layers and has protective function as it does in our skin.
COMPOUND EPITHELIUM
Six Types of Simple Epithelial
- Simple Squamous Epithelium
- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- Simple Cuboidal Ciliated
- Simple Columnar Epithelium
- Simple Columnar Ciliated
- Pseudo-stratified Columnar
plate like cells
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
for exchange of material through diffusion
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
commonly found in capillaries, blood vessels
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
- lines the air sacs of lungs and glomerulus of kidney - helps filter blood from urine
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
shape like dice
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
relatively large amount of cytoplasm
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
for secretion and absorption
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons and kidney
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
lines the thyroid follicles, ovaries, testis
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
- alike with one simple epithelial but with added cilia
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL CILIATED
lines the terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL CILIATED
brick-shaped cells
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
for secretion and active absorption
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
lines the stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, gall bladder, cervix and ejaculatory duct
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
If the columnar or cuboidal cells bear cilia on the free surface they are called _______
Ciliated Epithelium
Their function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium
Ciliated Epithelium
They are mainly present in the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes
Ciliated Epithelium
it lines both the fallopian tube and endometrium of the uterus
SIMPLE COLUMNAR CILIATED
may look stacked and usually with cilia
PSEUDO-STRATIFIED COLUMNAR
lines the respiratory tract
PSEUDO-STRATIFIED COLUMNAR
a term that means tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the cells
CILIA
2 Types of Compound Epithelial
- Stratified Squamous, non keratinized
- Stratified Squamous, keratinized
surface cells are moist and are not hardened by keratin
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS, NON KERATINIZED
it regenerates quickly
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS, NON KERATINIZED
for protection against abrasion and friction
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS, NON KERATINIZED