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Anatomy > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What does the GIT contain?

A

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

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2
Q

What is the oral cavity supported by?

A

The jaws

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3
Q

Where do the teeth lie?

A

In sockets on the jaws

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4
Q

Where does the tongue lie?

A

On the floor of the oral cavity, held by frenulum

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5
Q

What is the oral cavity separated from the nasal cavity by?

A

The palate → anteriorly hard, posteriorly soft

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What is pharynx?

A

Muscular tube that is posterior to the nasal cavity above and oral cavity below, transmitting air and food respectively

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8
Q

What is the pharynx divided into?

A

Nasopharynx → at the back of the nose
Oropharynx → at the back of the oral cavity

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9
Q

The oropharynx continues downwards as what?

A

The esophagus

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10
Q

What are the contents of the pharynx?

A

Epiglottis
Tonsils → 2 of them, 1 at each side of the oropharynx

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What is esophagus

A

A long straight muscular tube connecting the pharynx superiorly with the stomach inferiorly

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13
Q

The lower end of the esophagus is kept closed by what?

A

By the lower esophageal sphincter, which is a muscular narrowing at the junction between the esophagus and stomach

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What is stomach?

A

A hollow, J-shaped muscular bag lying under the diaphragm
It follows the esophagus and continues as the duodenum distally

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16
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A

Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature

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17
Q
A
18
Q

What is the blood supply of stomach?

A

Supplied by the celiac trunk, a branch of the descending abdominal aorta

19
Q

What is the anterior relations of stomach?

A

Left lobe of the liver
Diaphragm
Anterior abdominal wall

20
Q

What is the posterior relations of stomach?

A

Pancreas
Spleen and the splenic artery

21
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

A hollow muscular tube that is 6 meters long
It’s coiled up forming loops that fill in the abdominal cavity

22
Q

What are the parts of small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

23
Q

Describe duodenum

A

C-shaped
Shortest part
Connected to stomach above and jejunum below
Receives the opening of bile and pancreatic ducts
Bile and pancreatic juices mix with food

24
Q

Describe jejunum

A

Between the duodenum and ileum
a lot of villi
For absorption

25
Q

Describe ileum

A

Between the jejunum and large intestine
Opens into cecum of the large intestine by the ileocecal valve
For absorption

26
Q
A
27
Q

What does large intestine do?

A

Extends from the end of the ileum to anus

28
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal

29
Q

What is cecum?

A

Bag-like
ileum opens into it by the ileocecal valve
Appendix

30
Q

What does the colon divide into?

A

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

31
Q

What is the ascending colon

A

Extends from the cecum to the lower border of the liver where it takes a bend forming the right colic flexure

32
Q

What is the transverse colon?

A

Lies horizontally below the liver and stomach.it covers the upper coils of the small intestine. As it turns downwards it forms the left colic flexure

33
Q

What is the descending colon?

A

Continues downwards

34
Q

What is the sigmoid colon?

A

S-shaped, lies in the pelvis

35
Q

What is rectum?

A

Lies in front of the sacrum

36
Q

What is anal canal?

A

Ends at the anus that is guarded by the internal and external anal sphincters

37
Q
A
38
Q

What does the abdominal aorta gives?

A

The superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery

39
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supplies?

A

Small intestine
Right-sided parts of the large intestine → cecum, appendix, ascending colon right half of the transverse colon

40
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supplies?

A

The rest of the large intestine → left half of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

41
Q
A

Anatomy (14 decks)

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