Bone Flashcards
Define bone
Tissue that forms the skeleton of the body, composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
What are functions of the bone?
Shape → provides the central axis and gives form and shape to the body, some bones support the body weight
Movement → produced the attached skeletal muscle
Protection → protects the underlyingor contained structures
Calcium → stored form of calcium, bones play a major role in calcium balance in the body
Blood cells → factory for the production of different blood cells
What are the 2 classifications of the bones?
Regional classification, morphology classification
What regions is the regional classification divided into?
Axial, appendicular
What does axial contain?
Skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs
What does the skull contain?
Cranium, mandible
What does the vertebrae contain?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
What does appendicular contain?
Upper limb, lower limb, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle
What does the upper limb contain?
Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
What does the lower limb contain?
Femur, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
What does shoulder girdle contain?
Clavicle, scapula
What does pelvic girdle contain?
Hip bone
What are 5 types of morphology classification?
Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, pneumatic bone
Define long bone
Longer than they are wide, tabular in shape, have 2 ends, bones of the limbs
What is diaphysis?
The tubular shaft of the long bone
What are the ends of the bone called?
Epiphyses
What are the diaphysis and epiphysis separated by?
Cartilaginous plate
Define epiphyseal plate
Responsible for growing in length and ossifies at puberty
What is metaphysis
The expanded part of thedaphys is that is adjacent to the plate
Define short bone
Cubical in shape, found in the wrist and ankle
Define flat bone
Some bones of the skull and scapulae
Define irregular bone
These can’t fit in any of the categories, vertebrae and some bones in the skull
Define sesamoid bones
Small nodules of bone that are found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surfaces
Helps reducing the friction on the tendon
Which is the largest sesamoid bone?
Patella, which is located in the tendon of quadriceps muscle
