Basic Tissues Flashcards
What are the 4 basic tissues in the body?
Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue
What is the epithelium for?
Form coverings, lining of surfaces
What is simple epithelium?
The cells arranged in a single layer
What is stratified epithelium?
Cells arranged in two or more layers
When is the epithelium called squamous?
If the cells have a flattened shape
When is the cell called cuboidal?
When the cell has the same height, width, and depth
When is the cell called columnar?
When the height of the cells exceeds their width
What is a simple squamous epithelium?
Consists of a single layer of flattened cells
What is simple columnar epithelium?
Consists of a single layer of cells that are taller then they are wide
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
Consists of several layers of cell, with the outermost layer consisting of flattened cells
What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Consists of at least two layers of cells
What is stratified columnar epithelium?
Consists of at least two layers of cells, with the cells in the outer layer being taller than they are wide
What is pseudostratified epithelium?
A simple epithelium, which has the appearance of being stratified because it has some low cells which do not reach the free surface, and some tall cells
What is transitional epithelium?
Several layers of cells that flatten out when being stretched
What is connective tissue?
Holds cells together and supports the body
What is the matrix?
Secreted by the connective tissue cells and determines the characteristics of the connective tissue
What does determine the function of the connective tissue?
The consistency of the matrix
What can the matrix be?
Liquid, gel-like, solid
What loose connective tissue?
Thin, soft contains many collagen and elastic fibers in a jell-like matrix
The cells are not close together
Functions in binding the skin to underlying structures
What are the two categories of dense connective tissue?
Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue
What is dense irregular connective tissue?
Contains collagen and elastic fibers which are found running in all different directions and planes
What are dense regular connective tissue?
Contains extracellular fibers that all run in the same direction and plane
What are elastic connective tissue?
Made up of freely branching elastic fibers with fibroblasts in the space between the fibers
What is blood?
Plasma which includes white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets
Why is blood considered a fluid connective tissue?
Because the matrix of blood is not solid
What is cartilage?
Connective tissue that is relatively solid and is a non-vascularized tissue (does not have blood supply)
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage
What is the hyaline cartilage?
The most common type of cartilage contains many collagen fibers and is found in the nose, between the ribs
What is elastic cartilage?
Has many elastic fibers in the matrix and support the shape of ears
What is fibrocartillage?
Tough and contains many collagen fibers and is responsible for cushioning the knee joint and for forming discs between vertebrae
What is a bone?
A hard mineralized tissue found in skeleton
What does the bone matrix contain?
Many collagen fibers inorganic mineral salts, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
What are osteocytes?
Bone cells that secret osteoid substance that eventually hardens around the cells to form an ossified matrix
What does the osteon form?
Forms the basic unit of compact bone
What is adipose tissue?
Commonly known as fat, related loose connective tissue
What does the adipose tissue contain?
Fat cells that are specialized for lipid storage also this tissue cushions and protects the organs
What are muscular tissue?
Ability to contract when stimulated, get shorter and produce movement
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
What is skeletal muscle composed of?
Tissue composed of long, multinucleate cells with visible striations
What does the skeletal muscle allow?
Allows movement by being attached to bones in the body
Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary muscle?
Voluntary, as the contraction is consciously controlled
What is the smooth muscle composed of?
Short cylindrical cells that taper at the ends
Is the smooth muscle involuntary or voluntary
Involuntary, as the muscle contraction is not consciously controlled
What does the cardiac muscle consist of?
Short, branched, striated cells, with one nucleus at the center of each cell
How do the cardiac muscles work?
Cardiac muscle cells within a fiber are joined to their neighbors by intercalated discs
These specialized communication junctions facilitate the heart beat by transmitting the signal to contract
Is the cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?
Involuntary
What is nervous tissue?
Responds to changes in the environment and conducts impulses to various organs in the body to respond to changes
What are the two types of cells that nervous tissue contains?
Neuroglia, neurons
What is the neuroglia?
These cells do not send or receive electrical impulses
What are the functions of neuroglia ?
Providing physical support, providing nutrients, removing debris and providing electrical insulation
What are neurons?
Cells that carry electrical impulses
What are the main three types of neurons?
Sensory neuron, motor neuron and interneurons
What are sensory neurons?
Conduct impulses from sensory organs to the central nervous system
What are motor neurons?
Responsible for conducting impulses from the central nervous system to effector organs
What are interneurons?
Neurons that connect sensory neurons to motor neurons
What are the important structures of a motor neuron?
Cell body, dendrites, axon
What is the cell body?
Responsible for producing all of the proteins for the dendrites, axons, and synaptic terminals
What are dendrites?
These structures branch out from the cell body in a tree-like fashion
The function is to receive signals from other nerve cells
What is axon?
The main conducting unit of the neuron and is capable of conveying electrical signals over long and short distances
Name the tissues
Muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective
What type of epithelium?
Simple squamous epithelium
What type of epithelium?
Stratified squamous
What type of epithelium?
Simple cuboidal
What type of epithelium?
Stratified cuboidal
What type of epithelium?
Simple columnar
What type of epithelium?
Stratified columnar
What type of epithelium?
Pseudostratified columnar
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrous cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Cardiac muscle cell, skeletal muscle cell, smooth muscle cell
Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
Name
Dendrite, cell body, node of ranvier, axon terminal, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, Schwann cell
Name
Epidermis, dermis, arrector pile muscle, hair follicle, sebaceous glands
Skin, epidermis, dermis, fascia, superficial, deep, muscle, bone
What are fibroblasts responsible for?
Synthesizing protein fibers for the matrix
