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PLE SEPTEMBER 2018 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

TEF is associated with what syndrome?

A 
Vertebral
Anorectal
Cardiac
Trachea
Esophagus
Renal
Limb
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2
Q

Loss of normal peristalsis in the body of the esophagus and failure of LES to relax in response to swallowing

A

Achalasia

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3
Q

Barium swallow: Bird’s beak (air fluid level in the dilated esophagus

A

Achalasia

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4
Q

Gold standard for Achalasia

A

Esophageal manometry

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5
Q

This microbe can cause achalasia

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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6
Q

Tx for Achalasia

A

Nifedipine: poor surgical candidate
Intersphincteric injection of botulinum toxin
Heller myotomy

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7
Q

Non bilious vomiting at 3rd week of life

A

Pyloric stenosis

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8
Q

String sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

Chron’s disease

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9
Q

Ovoid Olive-shaped mass

A

Pyloric stenosis

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10
Q

Double tract sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

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11
Q

Shoulder sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

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12
Q

TOC Pyloric stenosis

A

Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

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13
Q

Triad of Gastric Volvulus

A

Sever epigastric pain
Intractable retching with emesis
Inability to pass a tube into the stomach

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14
Q

Failure to recanalize the lumen after the solid phase if the intestinal development during the 4th abd 5th week AOG

A

Duodenal atresia

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15
Q

Prematurity, down syndrome, malrotation, esophageal atresia, CHD, polyhydramnios

A

Duodenal atresia

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16
Q

Double bubble sign

A

duodenal atresia

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17
Q

Ground glass appearance in the right lower quadrant with trapped bubbles of air within the obstructing meconium

A

Meconium ileus

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18
Q

Meconium ileus is associated with what genetic disorder

A

Cystic fibrosis

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19
Q

Soap bubble sign

A

Meconium ileus

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20
Q

Soap bubble sign

A

Meconium ileus

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21
Q

Most common congenital GI anomaly

A

Meckel diverticulum

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22
Q

Pathophysio of Meckel diverticulum

A

Persistence of omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct

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23
Q

Painless rectal bleeding stool, brick colored or currant jelly

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

24
Q

Hernia within a Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Littre’s hernia

25
Aganglionic megacolon
Hirschprung disease
26
Definitive diagnosis of Hirschprung disease
Deep rectal biopsy | Rectal Suction Biopsy
27
GI conditions associated with Down's syndrome
Duodenal atresia | Hirschprung disease
28
Most common cause of intestinal obstruction between 3 months anf 6 years of age
Intussusception
29
Most common type of intussusception
Ileocolic (iliocecal) intussusception
29
Most common type of intussusception
Ileocolic (iliocecal) intussusception
30
Dance's sign
Intussusception Abdominal retraction on the right iliac fossa
31
Sausage-shaped mass
Intussusception
32
Coiled spring sign
Instussusception
33
Prolonged elevated levels if cobkugated bilirubin after 14th day of life. Usually presents with jaundice, hepatomegaly, normal or acholic stools.
Neonatal cholestasis
34
Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of hemoglobin to biliverdin
Heme oxygenase
35
Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin
Glucuronyl transferase
36
Conjugated bilirubin to urobilinogen
Beta-glucoronidase
37
Chloramphenical causes grey baby syndrome due to lack of what enzyme in babies
Glucuronyl transferase
38
Inherited form of non-hemolytic anemia
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
39
More severe type of Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Type 1
40
Most common hereditary cause of increased bilirubin
Gilbert (-Meulengracht) syndrome
41
DiRect bilirubinema Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Kernicterus
Dubin-Johnson syndrome | Rotor Syndrome
42
Defect of ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into the bile
Dubin Johnson syndrome
43
Increased conjugated bilirubin without elevation of liver enzymes
Dubin Johnson Syndrome
44
Rare, relatively benign autosomal recessive. Non-itching jaundice
Rotor Syndrome
45
Young, cirrhotic, non-alcoholic, SEVERE PRURITUS
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
46
PBC gene problem
Anti-mitochondrial antibody
46
PBC gene problem
Anti-mitochondrial antibody
47
Bilirubin encephalopathy
Kernicterus
48
Level of bilirubin for kernicterus
20 mg/dl
49
Level of bilirubin for icteric sclerae
2-3 mg/dl
50
Level of bilirubin that requires phototherapy
15 mg/dl
51
Bilirubin has predilection to what part of the brain
Basal ganglia
52
Drugs that can be used for kernicterus
Phenobarbital | Metalloporphyrins
53
Last resort for resistant kernicterus
Exchange transfusion

PLE SEPTEMBER 2018 (26 decks)

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