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PLE SEPTEMBER 2018 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

TEF is associated with what syndrome?

A 
Vertebral
Anorectal
Cardiac
Trachea
Esophagus
Renal
Limb
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2
Q

Loss of normal peristalsis in the body of the esophagus and failure of LES to relax in response to swallowing

A

Achalasia

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3
Q

Barium swallow: Bird’s beak (air fluid level in the dilated esophagus

A

Achalasia

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4
Q

Gold standard for Achalasia

A

Esophageal manometry

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5
Q

This microbe can cause achalasia

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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6
Q

Tx for Achalasia

A

Nifedipine: poor surgical candidate
Intersphincteric injection of botulinum toxin
Heller myotomy

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7
Q

Non bilious vomiting at 3rd week of life

A

Pyloric stenosis

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8
Q

String sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

Chron’s disease

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9
Q

Ovoid Olive-shaped mass

A

Pyloric stenosis

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10
Q

Double tract sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

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11
Q

Shoulder sign

A

Pyloric stenosis

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12
Q

TOC Pyloric stenosis

A

Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

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13
Q

Triad of Gastric Volvulus

A

Sever epigastric pain
Intractable retching with emesis
Inability to pass a tube into the stomach

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14
Q

Failure to recanalize the lumen after the solid phase if the intestinal development during the 4th abd 5th week AOG

A

Duodenal atresia

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15
Q

Prematurity, down syndrome, malrotation, esophageal atresia, CHD, polyhydramnios

A

Duodenal atresia

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16
Q

Double bubble sign

A

duodenal atresia

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17
Q

Ground glass appearance in the right lower quadrant with trapped bubbles of air within the obstructing meconium

A

Meconium ileus

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18
Q

Meconium ileus is associated with what genetic disorder

A

Cystic fibrosis

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19
Q

Soap bubble sign

A

Meconium ileus

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20
Q

Soap bubble sign

A

Meconium ileus

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21
Q

Most common congenital GI anomaly

A

Meckel diverticulum

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22
Q

Pathophysio of Meckel diverticulum

A

Persistence of omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct

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23
Q

Painless rectal bleeding stool, brick colored or currant jelly

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

24
Q

Hernia within a Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Littre’s hernia

25
Q

Aganglionic megacolon

A

Hirschprung disease

26
Q

Definitive diagnosis of Hirschprung disease

A

Deep rectal biopsy

Rectal Suction Biopsy

27
Q

GI conditions associated with Down’s syndrome

A

Duodenal atresia

Hirschprung disease

28
Q

Most common cause of intestinal obstruction between 3 months anf 6 years of age

A

Intussusception

29
Q

Most common type of intussusception

A

Ileocolic (iliocecal) intussusception

29
Q

Most common type of intussusception

A

Ileocolic (iliocecal) intussusception

30
Q

Dance’s sign

A

Intussusception

Abdominal retraction on the right iliac fossa

31
Q

Sausage-shaped mass

A

Intussusception

32
Q

Coiled spring sign

A

Instussusception

33
Q

Prolonged elevated levels if cobkugated bilirubin after 14th day of life. Usually presents with jaundice, hepatomegaly, normal or acholic stools.

A

Neonatal cholestasis

34
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of hemoglobin to biliverdin

A

Heme oxygenase

35
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of bilirubin to conjugated bilirubin

A

Glucuronyl transferase

36
Q

Conjugated bilirubin to urobilinogen

A

Beta-glucoronidase

37
Q

Chloramphenical causes grey baby syndrome due to lack of what enzyme in babies

A

Glucuronyl transferase

38
Q

Inherited form of non-hemolytic anemia

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

39
Q

More severe type of Crigler-Najjar Syndrome

A

Type 1

40
Q

Most common hereditary cause of increased bilirubin

A

Gilbert (-Meulengracht) syndrome

41
Q

DiRect bilirubinema
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Kernicterus

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

Rotor Syndrome

42
Q

Defect of ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into the bile

A

Dubin Johnson syndrome

43
Q

Increased conjugated bilirubin without elevation of liver enzymes

A

Dubin Johnson Syndrome

44
Q

Rare, relatively benign autosomal recessive.

Non-itching jaundice

A

Rotor Syndrome

45
Q

Young, cirrhotic, non-alcoholic, SEVERE PRURITUS

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

46
Q

PBC gene problem

A

Anti-mitochondrial antibody

46
Q

PBC gene problem

A

Anti-mitochondrial antibody

47
Q

Bilirubin encephalopathy

A

Kernicterus

48
Q

Level of bilirubin for kernicterus

A

20 mg/dl

49
Q

Level of bilirubin for icteric sclerae

A

2-3 mg/dl

50
Q

Level of bilirubin that requires phototherapy

A

15 mg/dl

51
Q

Bilirubin has predilection to what part of the brain

A

Basal ganglia

52
Q

Drugs that can be used for kernicterus

A

Phenobarbital

Metalloporphyrins

53
Q

Last resort for resistant kernicterus

A

Exchange transfusion

PLE SEPTEMBER 2018 (26 decks)

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