Drug Toxiciy and Antidotes

Question 1

Acetaminophen

Answer 1

N-acetylcysteine.

Question 2

Acid/alkali ingestion

Answer 2

Upper endoscopy to evaluate for stricture.

Question 3

Anticholinesterases, organophosphates

Answer 3

Atropine, pralidoxime.

Question 4

Antimuscarinic/anticholinergic agents

Answer 4

Physostigmine.

Question 5

Arsenic, mercury, gold

Answer 5

Succimer, dimercaprol.

Question 6

β-blockers

Answer 6

Glucagon.

Question 7

Barbiturates (phenobarbital)

Answer 7

Urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal, supportive care.

Question 8

Benzodiazepines

Answer 8

Flumazenil (can precipitate withdrawal, mainly used for acute ingestion).

Question 9

Black widow bite

Answer 9

Calcium gluconate, methocarbamol.

Question 10

Carbon monoxide

Answer 10

100% O2, hyperbaric O2

Question 11

Copper, arsenic, lead, gold

Answer 11

Penicillamine.

Question 12

Cyanide

Answer 12

Hydroxycobalamin, amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate.

Question 13

Digitalis

Answer 13

Normalize K+ , anti-digitalis Fab.

Question 14

Heparin

Answer 14

Protamine sulfate.

Question 15

INH

Answer 15

Pyridoxine.

Question 16

Iron salts

Answer 16

Deferoxamine.

Question 17

Lead

Answer 17

Succimer, CaEDTA, dimercaprol.

Question 18

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

Answer 18

EtOH, fomepizole, dialysis, calcium gluconate for ethylene glycol.

Question 19

Methemoglobin

Answer 19

Methylene blue.

Question 20

Opioids

Answer 20

Naloxone.

Question 21

Salicylates

Answer 21

Urine alkalinization, dialysis, activated charcoal.

Question 22

TCAs

Answer 22

Sodium bicarbonate for QRS prolongation; diazepam or lorazepam for seizures; cardiac monitor for arrhythmias.

Question 23

Theophylline

Answer 23

Activated charcoal. Consider repeat doses.

Question 24

tPA, streptokinase

Answer 24

Aminocaproic acid.

Question 25

Warfarin

Answer 25

Vitamin K, FFP.