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Infectious diseases > Garlanda 6 > Flashcards

Garlanda 6 Flashcards

1
Q

CAP is with which species

A 
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
Influenza A and B
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza virus 1-4
Respiratory syncitial virus (children)
Human metapneumovirus (children)
Hantavirus
Sars-cov2
H. influenza
L. pneumophilia
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2
Q

Infection of lung and pleura in immunocompromised pts is due to

A 
Pneumocytis jirovecii
CMV
M. avium intracellular complex
Aspergillus species (neutropenic)
Nocardia
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3
Q

Atypical pneumonia agents

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia
Legionella pneumophilia
Chlamydophylia pneumonia

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4
Q

Top 5 bacteria to cause influenza co infections

A 
S. pneumonia
P. aeruginosa
Chlamydophilia
H. influenza
S.aureus (MRSA)
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5
Q

Top 5 viruses to cause influenza co infections

A 
Respiratory syncitial virus
parainfluenza virus
hMPV (metapneunovirus)
Parainfluenza virus 3
Coronavirus
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6
Q

what is difficult about diagnosis of respiratory infections

A
  • sample collection of lower respiratory specimens is contaminated with oropharyngeal flora (expectorate sputum)
  • you need to always check to exclude the presence of squamous cells
  • No single test detects all potential respiratory pathogens
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7
Q

3 categories of tests in CLIA (clinical lab improvement amendements)

A

waived test
test of moderate complexity
tests of highest complexity

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8
Q

Reference standard for influenza diagnosis

A

immunochromatographic dipstick. Can yeild result in 15 mins, but have limited specificity compared to RT-PCR or viral culture.

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9
Q

What identifies latent TB, and has a positive rxn in pts with BCG

A

tuberculin skin test (PPD)

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10
Q

INF gamma test is for what TB

A

IGRA/QUANTIferron can be used for latent, is an ELISA based whole blood test that used peptides from 3 TB antigens

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11
Q

Chest X ray in TB is for which stage of TB

A

to identify people with active disease

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12
Q

How to confirm active TB

A

acid fast cells and cord in sputum(CSF, urine, biopsies), or fluorescence auramine-rhodamine staining

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13
Q

Gold standard for TB

A

culture in liquid medium for 1-2 weeks, with DNA probe hybridization, or NAAT
Note that solid media is positive after 4-8 weeks, while liquid media is positive after 10-14 days

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14
Q

What is Xpert MTB/RIF

A

a molecular test that ids both M tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in a single test in less than 2 hours

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15
Q

What is drug sensitivity testing

A

after culture isolation, definition of minimal inhibitory concentration on liquid culture

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16
Q

Pseudomonads are

A

aerobic gram negative bacilli, gammaproteobacteria. Found in soil, decaying organic matter, moist environment, they grow everywhere in hospitals, are oppertunistic pathogens

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17
Q

How do you diagnose aspergillosis?

Which lab test can you ask for?

A

presence of septate hyphae and distinctive conidia in pt samples, and detection of galactomannan antigens in blood in confirmatory

18
Q

How do you diagnose cryptocoocus neoformans

A

id the fungus in pt sample, as encapsulated yeast or fungal antigens in CSF or lung
GMS (gomori methenamine silver) stain and immunofluoresence analysis

19
Q

dx for legionella and pneumococcus is done via

A

immunoassays for antigens in urine

20
Q

cons of immunochromatographic dipstick tests for influenza

A

limited sensitivity

false negatives

21
Q

what mutation is present for rifampicin resistant TB strains

A

rpoB in 95% of cases

22
Q

T/F P. aeruginosa is rarely part of the normal human microbiota

A

T

23
Q

How does P aeruginosa infect ppl

A

it breaches skin or mucous membranes

- mainly infects burn victims and cystic fibrosis pts

24
Q

DX of P aeruginosa

A

with colony morphology and beta hemolysis and green pigmentation

25
Q

what kind of bacteria are moraxella, acinetobacter, stenotrophomonas, and what shape are they

A

pseudomonades, plump bacilli or diplocci

THEY ARE RESISTANT TO ANTIBIOTICS

26
Q

who do moraxella, acinetobacter, stenotrophomonas infect

A

they are oppertunistics, and affect pts on broad spectrum antibiotics, respiratory ventilation, and immunosuppressed

27
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis causes infection of

A

sinuses, bronchi, ears, lungs

28
Q

stenotrophomonas causes

A

nosocomial infections, bacteremia, pneumonia

29
Q

Acinetobacter grows where? And infects?

A

Gram positive with high G+C [ ]
grows in soil, water, sewage
infects medical devices, to resp, urinary, CNS

30
Q

burkholderia cepacia is found where? Causes what infection?

A 
gram neg aerobic bacilli;
fagellated Bproteobacterium
can decompose organic molecules
infects CF pts
In chronic granulomatous dx causes RESPIRATORY infection
causes UTI, bacteremia in catheter contamination
pt to pt spread
resistant to many antimicrobials
Found in soil and water
31
Q

Legionella

A

gram neg aerobic bacilli
inhabitants of freshwater protozoa
humans inhale bacteria

32
Q

T/F majority of ppl are exposed to P jiroveci by 5 yo

A

T

33
Q

most common cause of bacterial infections of the CNS in <3 months

A

S agalactiae

34
Q

common cuase of bacterial infection of CNS in >3 months

A

S pneumoniae

35
Q

How do people get infected by listeria monocytogenes

A

by contaminated food and drink, its a gram pos bacillua, an intracellular parasite
grows in macrophages/liver/gall bladder
can cause meningitis in immunosuppresed
causes premature delivery, micarriage, still birth of new born

36
Q

the most common cause of meningitis in ppl under 20 is due to

A

neisseria meningitidis (also causes partial hearing loss)

37
Q

dx for H influenzae type B

A
  • specimen collection: needle aspiration for sinusitis or otitis, CSF, blood
  • microscopic exam
  • antigen detection: agglutination test
  • culture
38
Q

three main enteroviruses

A

(75% of viral meningitis and encephalitis)

poliovirus, coxsackie virus, echovirus

39
Q

neonatal herpes is due to which type

A

HSV2

40
Q

bacterial agents that can cuase meningitis with cleat fluid

A

M tb
L monocytogenes
spirochetes (leptospira, borrelia, treponema)
brucella

41
Q

fungal agents that can cuase meningitis with cleat fluid

A

cryptococcus spp

Infectious diseases (36 decks)

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