Garlanda 5

Question 1

what kind of pathogens cause UTI

Answer 1

coliform oppertunistic enterobacteriacea (E. coli)

Question 2

enterococcus is distinguished from S. pneumoniae by

Answer 2

its resistance to bile

Question 3

morphology of candida

Answer 3

clusters of budding yeast and pseudohyphae

Question 4

Diagnosis of UTI

Answer 4

test to detect WBC in urine (pyuria): with dipstick for leukocyte esterase, or microscopic count of >5 leukocytes per HPF
Test for bacteriuria: dipstick for nitrate to nitrite by enterobacteriacea, microscopic analysis, quantitative culture >10^5 CFU/ml

Question 5

examples of coliform causes of UTI

Answer 5

e coli

klebsiella

Question 6

examples of non coliform causes of UTI

Answer 6

proteus (can cause kidney stones)
morganella
providencia (urease causing kidney stones)
edwardsiella

Question 7

can staphylococcus, enteroccocus and candida cause UTI

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

how to tell entercoccus from staphylococcus

Answer 8

entero grow in areas where staph cant; and it ferments glucose to lactic acid

Question 9

is candida part of normal microbiota

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

hemorrhagic cystitis is due to

Answer 10

shistosomiasis, trematodes, blood flukes

note that is is a predisposing factor for SCC

Question 11

strains of E coli antigen are

Answer 11

O, H, K

The virulent strains have fimbriae, adhesins, exotoxins

Question 12

is klebsiella part of normal microbiota?
What kind of infection does it cause?
What can it be resistant to?

Answer 12

yes its found in digestive and respiratory systems of humans
it has a capsule that protects it from phagocytosis
it causes oppertunistic infections: pneumonia, UTI
Carbapenem resistant

Question 13

proteus often causes UTI in

Answer 13

pts with long term urinary catheters

Question 14

can S epidermidis be found in the urethra? How is it transmited?

Answer 14

yes; by direct contact or fomites

Question 15

culture negative endocarditis can be due to

Answer 15

brucella
coxiella brunetii
bartonella
mycoplasma
legionella

Question 16

T/F the viridans group of alpha hemolytic streptococci lack group specific carbohydrates

Answer 16

T
They produce a green pigment on blood media
live in mouth, GI, urinary tract
Are oppertunistic pathogens causing pus filled abdominal abscesses; dental caries, meningits, endocarditis

Question 17

What kind of bacteria is H pylori

Answer 17

gram neg vibrio that colonises the stomach and has urease activity

Question 18

what gene does H pylori have that makes it a carcinogen

Answer 18

cytotoxin associated A gene Cag A (which penetrates cell mimicking unregulated growth factor stimulation)

Question 19

which pathogens cause self limiting GI symptoms in the immunocompetent

Answer 19

rotavirus
calcivirus (norovirus)
S. aureus enterotoxins
Enteric adenovirus

Question 20

the most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis is

Answer 20

rotavirus A; transmitted by the fecal oral route, TX is supportive care
Vaccine is available

Question 21

difference btw astroviruses and calciviruses

Answer 21

astrovirus causes diarrhea but no vomiting

calci causes both

Question 22

which two serogroups of vibrio produce cholera toxin

Answer 22

v cholera O1, O139

these are the ones that cause epidemics

Question 23

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is due to

Answer 23

shellfish

self limiting explosive diarrhea

Question 24

shigellosis is

Answer 24

dysentry’ pus containing bloody stools
S. sonneu in industralised
S. flexneri in developing
S dysenteriae is v virulent

Question 25

how do people get infected with campylobacter jejuni

Answer 25

zoonosis, contaminated milk, food, water, poultyr

Question 26

is Cdiff part of microbiota

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

what enzyme does C diff produce

Answer 27

hyaluronidase

causes self limiting diarrhea, but in severe cases pseudomembranous colitis