27- HIV/AIDS

Question 1

T/F HIV is now a manageable chronic health condition

Answer 1

T

Question 2

Do pregnant and breastfeeding women take ART

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

HIV is transmitted through

Answer 3

body fluid exchange, blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions; MTCT

Question 4

are people taking art contagious

Answer 4

no

Question 5

key risk pop for HIV risk

Answer 5

men who have sex with men

• people who inject drugs
• ppl in prison
• sex workers and their clients
• transgender

Question 6

can a single test provide HIV dx

Answer 6

no

Question 7

how quickly do ppl develop antibodies to hiv

Answer 7

in 28 days

Question 8

the leading cause of death in HIV is due to

Answer 8

TB

Question 9

how is immune function tested

Answer 9

by CD4 levels

Question 10

most common oppertunistic infection in HIV

Answer 10

candidiases in oral and esophageous areas

Question 11

tx for pneumocytis jirovecii

Answer 11

trimethoprim and sulfamethaxazole
alternatives: dapsone, atovaquone, pentamidine
given orally or IV for 3 weeks

Question 12

most common viral oppertunistic infection in HIV

Answer 12

CMV

most common presentation: retinitis, colitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis, neurological conditions

Question 13

monitoring ART responses

Answer 13

• viral load

- cd4 count

Question 14

How is HIV tested for

Answer 14

• detection of antibodies

Question 15

what is the window period in HIV

Answer 15

the 28 post infection where HIV antibodies haven’t been produced in high enough concentrations to be detected
- positive test occurs in 6 weeks*

Question 16

Key prevention strategies for prevention of HIV transmission

Answer 16

male and female condom use
harm reduction for ppl injecting drugs
testing and counselling for HIV and STI
testing and counselling for TB care

Question 17

T/F AIDS is defined by the development of certain cancer, infections or other severer long term clinical manifestations

Answer 17

T

Question 18

List the AIDS defining illnesses*

Answer 18

Candidiasis of esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs [(but NOT the mouth (thrush)]
• Cervical cancer, invasive
• Coccidioidomycosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary
• Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal (greater than one month’s duration)
• CMV (other than liver, spleen, or nodes)
• CMV retinitis (with loss of vision)
• Encephalopathy, HIV related
• HSV: chronic ulcer(s) (more than 1 month in duration); or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis
• Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (more than 1 month in duration)
Kaposi sarcoma
• Lymphoma, Burkitt’s (or equivalent term)
• Lymphoma, immunoblastic (or equivalent term)
• Lymphoma, primary, of brain
• M. avium complex or M kansasii, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• M. tuberculosis, any site (pulmonary or extrapulmonary)
• M. other species or unidentified species, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
• Pneumonia, recurrent
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Salmonella septicemia, recurrent
• Toxoplasmosis of brain
• Wasting syndrome due to HIV

Question 19

TX for CMV retinitis in HIV pts

Answer 19

• systemic agents like IV gancyclovir, IV foscarnet, IV cidofovir
• G is hematologically toxic
• F,C are nephrotoxic

Question 20

What is PrEP

Answer 20

pre exposure prophylaxis is the daily use of ART by HIV negative people to block the acquisition of HIV

Question 21

what is PEP

Answer 21

post exposure prophylaxis is the use of ARV within 72 hours of exposure to HIV to prevent infection
- includes counselling, first aid, HIV testing, 28 day course of ARV