27- HIV/AIDS Flashcards
T/F HIV is now a manageable chronic health condition
T
Do pregnant and breastfeeding women take ART
Yes
HIV is transmitted through
body fluid exchange, blood, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions; MTCT
are people taking art contagious
no
key risk pop for HIV risk
men who have sex with men
- people who inject drugs
- ppl in prison
- sex workers and their clients
- transgender
can a single test provide HIV dx
no
how quickly do ppl develop antibodies to hiv
in 28 days
the leading cause of death in HIV is due to
TB
how is immune function tested
by CD4 levels
most common oppertunistic infection in HIV
candidiases in oral and esophageous areas
tx for pneumocytis jirovecii
trimethoprim and sulfamethaxazole
alternatives: dapsone, atovaquone, pentamidine
given orally or IV for 3 weeks
most common viral oppertunistic infection in HIV
CMV
most common presentation: retinitis, colitis, esophagitis, pneumonitis, neurological conditions
monitoring ART responses
- viral load
- cd4 count
How is HIV tested for
- detection of antibodies
what is the window period in HIV
the 28 post infection where HIV antibodies haven’t been produced in high enough concentrations to be detected
- positive test occurs in 6 weeks*
Key prevention strategies for prevention of HIV transmission
male and female condom use
harm reduction for ppl injecting drugs
testing and counselling for HIV and STI
testing and counselling for TB care
T/F AIDS is defined by the development of certain cancer, infections or other severer long term clinical manifestations
T
List the AIDS defining illnesses*
Candidiasis of esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs [(but NOT the mouth (thrush)]
• Cervical cancer, invasive
• Coccidioidomycosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary
• Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal (greater than one month’s duration)
• CMV (other than liver, spleen, or nodes)
• CMV retinitis (with loss of vision)
• Encephalopathy, HIV related
• HSV: chronic ulcer(s) (more than 1 month in duration); or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis
• Histoplasmosis, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (more than 1 month in duration)
Kaposi sarcoma
• Lymphoma, Burkitt’s (or equivalent term)
• Lymphoma, immunoblastic (or equivalent term)
• Lymphoma, primary, of brain
• M. avium complex or M kansasii, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• M. tuberculosis, any site (pulmonary or extrapulmonary)
• M. other species or unidentified species, disseminated or extrapulmonary
• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
• Pneumonia, recurrent
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Salmonella septicemia, recurrent
• Toxoplasmosis of brain
• Wasting syndrome due to HIV
TX for CMV retinitis in HIV pts
- systemic agents like IV gancyclovir, IV foscarnet, IV cidofovir
- G is hematologically toxic
- F,C are nephrotoxic
What is PrEP
pre exposure prophylaxis is the daily use of ART by HIV negative people to block the acquisition of HIV
what is PEP
post exposure prophylaxis is the use of ARV within 72 hours of exposure to HIV to prevent infection
- includes counselling, first aid, HIV testing, 28 day course of ARV
