12- Vector borne diseases 3 Flashcards
lyme dx is caused by
bacteria, gram - spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (ixodes scapularis deer tick and ixodes pacificus)
symptoms of lyme disease
fever, headache, fatigue, erythema migrans
- if untreated it spreads to the joints, heart, nervous system
how is lyme dx diagnosed
symptoms, physical findings, possibility of exposure to infected ticks
how long must a tick be attached for the dx to transfer
36-48 hours (most humans are infected through immature ticks called nymphs)
phases of lyme disease
early localised disease
early disseminated disease
late lyme disease
manifestations of early localised lyme dx
erythema migrans, with or without B symptoms. EM occurs (7-14 days) one month following the tick bite (not really painful)
manifestations of early disseminated lyme dx
multiple erythema migrans, and or neurological/cardiac manifestations
- lymphocytic meningitis
- unilateral or bilateral cranial palsies (facial n)
- radiculopathy (bannwarth syndrome)
- peripheral neuropathy
- mononeuropathy
- cerebellar ataxia and encephalomyelitis (rare)
manifestation of late lyme disease
arthritis, with subtle encephalopathy, polyneuropathy. This may develop months to years after initial infection
neurological features of late lyme dx
chronic axonal polyneuropathy
chronic encephalomyelitis
post lyme disease syndrome
are the non specific symptoms that may persist for months after the tx of lyme disease (these improve gradually oer 6 o to a year)
dx of lyme dx
in ppl who have been in tick infested areas, with clinical manifestation.
Look for erythema migrans in acute
for early disseminated or late lyme disease you need serological testing
** If the immunoassay is positive, then the western blot is performed with separate IgM IgG
antimicrobial prophylaxis for lyme disease
prevention of lyme dx following tick bite, single dose of doxycyline
what is brucellosis
a zoonotic infection from infected animals, or by ingestion of food products (unpasturised dairy products) or by contact with tissue or fluids
most common mechanism for transmission of brucellosis
consumption of infected unpasturised animal products, contact with infected skin/animal fluids, inhalation of infected aerosolized particles
most cases of brucellosis are due to
(gram - intracellular bacteria)
B. melitensis (from sheep, goats, camels)
