10- Vector borne disease 1

Question 1

leshmaniasis is caused by

Answer 1

sand flies, obligate intracellular protozao of genuc leishmania

Question 2

how is leishmania transmitted

Answer 2

by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies (promastigotes)

Question 3

clinical syndromes of leichmaniasis

Answer 3

visceral, cutaneous, mucosal forms

Question 4

cutaneous leishmanisis manifestations

Answer 4

incubation for weeks, to months
on exposed areas of the skin, lesions are pruritic
starts as pink papule that enlarges, becomes a nodule or plaque like lesion, then painless ulceration with indurated border

Question 5

mucosal leishmaniasis

Answer 5

aka espundia

can occur with for following partially treated or untreated cutaneous leishmaniasis

Question 6

dx of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 6

demonstration of parasite in a clinical specimen (skin), by histology, culture, or PCR

Question 7

tx for cutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 7

Many cases solve w/out treatment
Local tx: cryotherapy, thermotherapy, intralesional therapy with pentavalent antimonial
Systemic tx for complicated cl: oral azoles, or IV pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin derivatives

Question 8

visceral leishmaniasis is aka

Answer 8

kala azar

Question 9

manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 9

abdominal discomfort, splenomegly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy

Question 10

T/F VL parasites replicate in the reticuloendothelial system

Answer 10

T

Question 11

what is post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis

Answer 11

is a chronic skin rash found after responses to treatment for VL due to L. donovani
Presents with erythematous or hypigmented macules that can progress to plaques or nodules

Question 12

dx of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 12

visualisation of amastigote in smears or tissue (bone marrow), parasite isolation by in virto culture, PCR, serological testing

Question 13

tx of visceral leishmaniasis

Answer 13

amphotercin B, pentavalent antimonial drugs, paromomycin, miltefoseine

Question 14

T/F dengue is caused by any one of 4 related viruses, so people can dengue 4 times

Answer 14

T

Question 15

what transmits dengue

Answer 15

aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus (same as zika and chikugunya)

Question 16

can dengue have MTCT

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

signs of dengue hemorrhagic fever

Answer 17

• fever or recent history of fever lasting 2-7 days
• any hemorrhagic manifestation
• thrombocytopenia
• evidence of increased vascular permeability

Question 18

severe dengue is defined as

Answer 18

severe plasma leakage leading to shock or fluid accumulation with respiratory distress

• severe bleeding
• severe organ impairement with elevated transaminases (1000), impaired consciousness, heart impairement

Question 19

tx of dengue

Answer 19

no specific antivirals