G. Antibiotica Flashcards

1
Q

Bactericide vs bacteriostatisch

A

Bactericide: doden
Bacteriostatisch: remmen groei

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2
Q

Antibiotica (voorbeelden)
- Penicillinen
- Cefalosporinen
- Carbapenems
- Tetracyclinen
- Aminoglycosiden
- Macroliden
- Sulfonamiden/Trimethoprim
- Chinolonen

A
  • Penicillinen (benzylpenicilline, amoxicilline)
  • Cefalosporinen (cefazoline, cefuroxim, ceftriaxon)
  • Carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem)
  • Tetracyclinen (doxycycline)
  • Aminoglycosiden (gentamicine, tobramycine)
  • Macroliden (erytromycine, azitromycine)
  • Sulfonamiden/Trimethoprim (co-trimoxazol)
  • Chinolonen (ciprofloxacine, moxifloxacine)
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3
Q

Werkingsmechanisme AB
- Penicillinen
- Cefalosporinen
- Carbapenems
- Tetracyclinen
- Aminoglycosiden
- Macroliden
- Sulfonamiden/Trimethoprim
- Chinolonen

A

Celwand
1. B-lactam-AB (bactericide)
- Penicillinen
- Cefalosporinen
- Carbapenems
2. Vancomycine (bactericide)

Eiwitsynthese
1. Tetracyclinen (bacteriostatisch)
2. Aminoglycosiden (bactericide)
3. Macroliden (bacteriostatisch)

Remming metabolieten
1. Sulfonamiden/Trimethoprim (bacteriostatisch)

DNA
1. Chinolonen (bactericide)

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4
Q

Penicillinen (bijwerkingen)

A

Diarree
Overgevoeligheidsreacties
Anafylactische shock
Huidreacties (voornamelijk bij amoxicilline)
- Mononucleosis infectiosa
- Lymfatische leukemie

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5
Q

Tetracyclinen (bijwerkingen)

A

Fotosensibilisatie
Bot- en tandaantasting (zwangerschap, jonge kinderen)

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6
Q

Tetracyclinen (interacties)

A

Contraindicatie om ferrofumaraat te gebruiken, één van beide middelen moet worden vervangen.

Verminderde absorptie bij:
- Aluminium
- Calcium
- Ijzer
- Magnesium

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7
Q

Aminoglycosiden (bijwerkingen)

A

Irreversibele doofheid
Reversibele nierfunctiestoornis

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8
Q

Macroliden (bijwerkingen)

A

QTc verlenging

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9
Q

Macroliden (interacties)

A

Statinetoxiciteit (rhabdomyolyse)
QTc verlengende medicatie (zoals chinolonen)

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10
Q

Sulfonamide/Trimethoprim (interacties)

A

Methotrexaat (versterking werking)
Coumarinen (stijging INR, bloedingen)

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11
Q

Chinolonen (interacties)

A

QTc verlengende medicatie (zoals macroliden)

Verminderde absorptie bij:
- Aluminium
- Calcium
- Ijzer
- Magnesium

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12
Q

Chinolonen (bijwerkingen)

A

QTc verlenging

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13
Q

Cefalosporinen (generaties)

A
  1. Cefazoline - + + +
  2. Cefuroxim - - + +
  3. Ceftriaxon - - - +
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14
Q

UWI
- Meest voorkomende verwekkers
- Middelen

A
  • Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Nitrofurantoïne, fosfomycine, trimethoprim/cotrimoxazol
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15
Q

Aerobe infecties
- Meest voorkomende verwekkers
- Middelen
- Interacties

A
  • Bacteriodes fragilis, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfrigens
  • Metronidazol
  • Versterkt de werking van coumarines, alcohol (heeft vergelijkbare werking als disulfiram)
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16
Q

Qtc verlenging

A

Macroliden
Chinolonen