G

Question 1

Gall bladder

Answer 1

A sac in the liver which stores bile before it is released down the bile duct into the small intestine.

Question 2

Gametes

Answer 2

Sex cells with the haploid number of chromosomes.

Question 3

Gas exchange system

Answer 3

Organ system comprising trachea, bronchi and lungs that involves moving air into the alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A length of DNA, found on a chromosome, that codes for a particular characteristic.

Question 5

Gene mutation

Answer 5

A change in the base sequence of a DNA that gives rise to new alleles of genes.

Question 6

Genetic engineering

Answer 6

Changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes.

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

The genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles it posses (e.g Tt or Gg).

Question 8

Genus

Answer 8

A group of species with similar characteristics.

Question 9

Glucagon

Answer 9

A hormone produced in the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and so increase the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

A complex carbohydrate found as an energy storage in the liver and the muscles.

Question 11

Goblet cells

Answer 11

mucus-secreting cells.

Question 12

Gravitropism

Answer 12

A growth response by a plant to the stimulus of gravity.

Question 13

Greenhouse effect

Answer 13

The earth is kept warm because carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reduce the escape of heat energy into space. Greenhouse gases radiate heat towards the Earth and maintain the temperature higher than it would otherwise.

Question 14

Growth

Answer 14

A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both.