C

Question 1

Capillary

Answer 1

The smallest blood vessel with walls only one cell thick. Substances are exchanged through capillary walls between blood and tissue fluid.

Question 2

Cancer

Answer 2

A disease resulting from the uncontrolled division of cells in one or more parts of the body.

Question 3

Carbohydrase

Answer 3

An enzyme that digests carbohydrates to simple sugars, e.g. amylase digests starch to sugars.

Question 4

Carbohydrate

Answer 4

A class of food substances that provides energy, e.g. starch and glucose. Composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 5

Carbon cycle

Answer 5

the flow of carbon compounds through plants, animals , decomposers and their environment

Question 6

Carbon dioxide

Answer 6

The gas produced as a waste product during respiration and absorbed by plants, and used during photosynthesis to make simple sugars.

Question 7

Carnivore

Answer 7

An animal that eats other animals - a meat-eater.

Question 8

Carrier

Answer 8

(1) an individual who has a recessive allele for a genetic disease and can transmit it to the next generation; (2) a person who is infected by the pathogen for an infectious disease, does not have the symptoms of the disease, but is able to transmit it to others
catalyst.

Question 9

Catalyst

Answer 9

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction.

Question 10

Cell

Answer 10

Structural and functional unit of living organisms. All organisms are composed of cells. Viruses are not.

Question 11

Cell membrane

Answer 11

The boundary of the cell which controls the the materials that pass into and out of it.

Question 12

Cell sap

Answer 12

The liquid that fills the vacuole of a plant cell.

Question 13

Cell wall

Answer 13

The outer layer of a plant cell made of cellulose, which supports the cell and gives it shape.

Question 14

Cellulose

Answer 14

A complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plant cells.

Question 15

Central nervous system

Answer 15

Brain and spinal cord.

Question 16

Chemical Digestion

Answer 16

The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules.

Question 17

Chlorophyll

Answer 17

The green pigment found in many plant cells that absorbs light for photosynthesis.

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

Small structure containing chlorophyll that is found in plant cells. Carries out photosynthesis.

Question 19

Cholera

Answer 19

An intestinal disease caused by a bacterium.

Question 20

Cholesterol

Answer 20

A lipid-based chemical made in the liver and found in the blood. high levels of cholesterol in the blood are linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Question 21

Chromosome

Answer 21

A thread-like structure made up of genes. they are found inside the nucleus and are visible only when a cell is dividing.

Question 22

Cilium

Answer 22

A tiny process found on cells that line some tubular organs, e.g. airways and oviducts (plural:cilia). in the airways, they beat to move dust and microbes out of the lungs and up to the throat.

Question 23

Ciliary muscle

Answer 23

A muscle in the eye that controls the shape of the lens during focussing.

Question 24

Circulatory system

Answer 24

The organ system made up of blood vessels and the heart that transports blood. mammals have a double circulation with blood passing through the heart twice in one circuit of the body.

Question 25

Classify

Answer 25

To sort living organisms into groups according to features they have in common.

Question 26

Clone

Answer 26

An organism that is genetically identical to its parents.

Question 27

Clotting

Answer 27

A series of chemical reactions that cause blood cells to stick together. at a wound this stops the loss of blood and results in the formation of a scab.

Question 28

Codominance

Answer 28

The existence of two alleles for a particular characteristic where neither is dominant over the other and both are expressed in heterozygous individuals.

Question 29

Colon

Answer 29

The part of the alimentary canal between the small intestine and the rectum where the absorption of water occurs.

Question 30

Community

Answer 30

All the animals, plants and microorganisms that are found in a particular habitat.

Question 31

Competition

Answer 31

Contest between organisms for resources such as food, water and mates.

Question 32

Compost

Answer 32

Decaying plant remains used as a source of nutrients in gardens.

Question 33

Concentration gradient

Answer 33

The difference in concentration of a substance between two places, e.g. either side of a cell membrane, between air in the alveolus and blood in the lungs.

Question 34

Cone

Answer 34

A sensory cell in the retina of the eye that responds to light of high intensity and detects colour.

Question 35

Constipation

Answer 35

A condition where compacted faeces are difficult to pass out of the body.

Question 36

Consumer

Answer 36

An organism that gains its energy by feeding on other organisms.

Question 37

Continuous variation

Answer 37

Variation in a feature that shows a range of phenotypes between two extremes with many intermediates, e.g. human height.

Question 38

Contraception

Answer 38

Any method of birth control that prevents fertilisation.

Question 39

Contraceptive

Answer 39

Any device or substance that prevents fertilisation.

Question 40

Coronary arteries

Answer 40

Arteries that branch from the aorta to supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle.

Question 41

Cornea

Answer 41

The transparent layer at the front of the eye which helps to refract light rays onto the retina.

Question 42

Coronary heart disease

Answer 42

Heart disease caused by blockage of coronary arteries that supply heart muscle with blood.

Question 43

Cotyledon

Answer 43

Part of the embryo flowering plant - a seed leaf. in many plants cotyledons are food stores for the embryo.

Question 44

Cross-pollination

Answer 44

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species.

Question 45

Cuticle

Answer 45

The waxy covering of the epidermis in plant stems and leaves that reduces the loss of water by transpiration.

Question 46

Crystic fibrosis

Answer 46

An inherited disease affecting the lungs and the digestive system, caused by a faulty, recessive allele.

Question 47

Cytoplasm

Answer 47

Jelly-like contents of the cell not including the nucleus.