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PLE Microbiology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fungus associated with bird or bat droppings, exposure to caves or chicken coops?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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2
Q

Transmission of Histoplasma

A

Respiratory droplets,

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3
Q

Histology/Diagnosis of Histoplasma

A

Macrophage with oval bodies, stained with KOH, Serum and Urine antigen tests

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4
Q

Morophology of Histoplasma

A

Mold form - cold, in soil

Yeast form - hot, in body

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5
Q

Symptoms of histoplasma

A

Mimics TB - Lung calcifications

Hepatosplemnomegaly with calcifictions

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6
Q

Painful red nodules found in shin in Histoplasma infection

A

Erythema Nodosum

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7
Q

Treatment of Histoplasma

A

Local - - azoles

Systemic infections - Amphotericin B

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8
Q

Blastomycosis morphology

A

Yeast in body, mold in spores in soil

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9
Q

Transmission of blastomycosis

A

Inhalaition of spores

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10
Q

Reproduction of Blastomycosis

A

Budding of yeasts while in the body

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11
Q

Histology ahnd diagnosis of Blastomycosis

A

Hazy infilrents inlungs, cannonball lesions

Large cells on microsicopy

Skin and bone infections

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12
Q

Transmission of coccidiomuycosis

A

Inhalatin of arthroconidia

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13
Q

Morphology of coccidiomycosis

A

Mold outside the boidy, spherule with endospores inside the luings (larger than RBCS)

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14
Q

San Joaquin Valley Fever is caused by

A

Coccidiomycosis

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15
Q

Clinical features of coccidiomycosis

A

Fever, cough, arthralguia, clear xray or with cavities, nodules,erythema nodosum

Skin and lung disseminated infection, osteomyelitis, meningitis

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16
Q

Systemic infection fungal found in brazil

A

Paracoccidomycosis

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17
Q

Pattern of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Yeast form in lungs (captains wheel)

mold form in the soil

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18
Q

Clinical sympttomsof paracoccidiodomycosis

A

pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, granuloma in lungs mucocutaneous lesions

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19
Q

Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on KOH chain is associated with

A

Malassezia furfur

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of pityriasis versicolor

A

Lipid degradationl, destroying melanocytes

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21
Q

Layer of skin affected in malassezia furfur

A

Stratum corneum

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22
Q

Malassezia furfur septicemia is associated with which population

A

Immunocompromized, NICU patients on TPN (lipophilic)

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23
Q

Treatment for malassezia

A

Seleniuum Sulfide

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24
Q

Three classes of dermatophytes

A

Trichophyton, epidermophyton, microsporuim

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25
Q

Source of dermatophytes

A

Man to man contact, or from anymals

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26
Q

Confirmation of dermatophyte infection

A

Hyphae on KOH skin scraping

Wood’s lamp

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27
Q

Oral antifungal for sever e dermatophyte infection

A

Griseofulvin

28
Q

Treatmetn for regular dermatophyte infection

A

Azoles, terbinafine (for onychomycosis)

29
Q

Sporothrix is usually gotten from

A

Rose thorn wounds, tree bark, plants

30
Q

Morphology of sporothrix

A

Dimorphic, mold and cigar shaped yeast, with branching hyphae

31
Q

Manidestation of Sporothrix infection

A

Introduced in wound, and ascending infection across lymphatics

32
Q

Diagnosis of sporothrix on biopsy

A

Giant cells with cigar shaped yeast

33
Q

Treatment of sporotrichosis

A

Itraconazole, KI solution

34
Q

Most common cause of systemic mycosis

A

Candida albicans

35
Q

Morphology of Candida

A

Dimorphic - Pseudohyphae yeast in cold, Hyphae (mold) in warm (37 deg) (germ tubes)

36
Q

Lab findings in Candida

A

Catalase positive

37
Q

Candida commonly contaminates what lab sample

A

Sputum

38
Q

Clinical manifestation of candida infection

A 
Diaper rash
Oral candidiasis (immunocompormised or people using steroids)
Scrapeable oral thrush
Esophagiitis (in HIV with CD4<100)
Vaginal candidiasis (pH less than 4)
Endocarditis
39
Q

Treatment for candida

A

Azole for mild, Amphotericin B for severe, disseminated
infection
Nystatin - oral candidiasis
Capsofungin - disseminated drug resistant candida

40
Q

Aspergillus lab finding

A

Catalase positive

41
Q

Aspergillus flavus produeces what toxins? found in what plant?

A

Aflatoxin, peanut

42
Q

Aflatoxin is associated with what illness

A

Hepatocellular carcinomna

43
Q

Aspergillus morphology

A

Acute angle branching of hyphae, Septations

44
Q

Transmission of Aspergillus

A

Forms Conidiophores whioch are inhaled by humans

45
Q

Clinical Symptoms of aspergillus

A

Allergic Bronchopulmonary - Type I hypersensitivity - wheezing, fever, migratory pulmonary infiltrate

Aspergilloma - fungus ball - gravity dependent

Angioinvasive aspergillosis - in immunocompromised - disseminated

46
Q

CT finding of CNS aspergillosis

A

Ring enhancing lesions

47
Q

Aspergillosis Treatment

A

Less serious - Voriconazole, Surgical debridement

Severe - Amphotericin B

48
Q

Cryptococcus morphology

A

Heavily encapsulated with polysaccharide antigen

49
Q

Transmission of Cryptococcus

A

Soil, pigeon droppings, then inhaled, settles in the lungs and spreads

50
Q

Cryptococcus lab test

A

Urease positive

51
Q

Clinical manifestations of cryptococcus

A

Pulmonary - cough, dyspnnea

Meningitis, fever

52
Q

Diagnosis of cryptococcus

A

Saboraud agar
Bronchopulmonary washings stained with mucicarmine red or methanamine silver stain
Lumnbar tap stained with Indiaink, look for halos (capsule)
Latex agglutination test

53
Q

Gross pathology of brain in Cryptococcus

A

Soap bubble lesions in gray matter

54
Q

Treatment of Cryptococcus

A

Amphotericin B, Flucytosine (intensive phase)

Fluconazole (maintenance phase)

55
Q

Causes of Mucormycosis

A

Mucormycosis

Rhizopus

56
Q

Rhizopus is found in what substance

A

Bread - it is a bread mold

57
Q

Transmission of mucormycosis

A

Spore inhalation, proliferation on blood vessel wall, feeding on ketones and glucose, penetrate cribriform plate and enter skull

58
Q

Morphology of mucrmycosis

A

Non septate hyphae, wide angle branching (9 degrees)

59
Q

Clinical symptoms of mucormycosis

A

Black eschar on face and nose - necrosis of nasal cavity

Brain abscess

60
Q

Treatment of mucormycopsis

A

Surgical debridement

Amphotericin B

61
Q

Transmission of Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Airborne

62
Q

CD4 count in Pneumocystis infection

A

<200

63
Q

Xray appearance of Pneumocystis

A

Ground glass appearance if with diffuse interstitial pneumonia

64
Q

Diagnosis of PCP

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage - methamine silver stain shows disc shaped yeasts

65
Q

Prophylaxis of PCP in HIV patients

A

Cotrimoxazole

66
Q

Treatment of PCP pneuimonia

A

Cotrimoxazole

Pentamidine - if with sulfa allergy

PLE Microbiology (9 decks)

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