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PLE Microbiology > Bacteria - Others > Flashcards

Bacteria - Others Flashcards

1
Q

Acid fast bacilli take up what stain? Why?

A

Carbolfuschin

Mycolic acids take up dye

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2
Q

Growth medium for TB

A

Lowenstein Jensen Medium

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3
Q

Respiration of TB

A

Obligate Aerobe

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4
Q

TB transmission and virulence factors

A

Respiratory, human to human,

Virulence - Cord factor (prevents destruction) by granuloma formation

Sulfatides - prevent phagolysis and hydrolyses - create defective lysosomes and phagosomes

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5
Q

Ghon complex is

A

Hilar lymphadenopathy + granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobe

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6
Q

PPD skin test is what type of hypersensitivity

A

Type IV

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7
Q

Reactivation TB is usually associated with what substance?

A

TNF

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8
Q

Mycobacterium leprae temperature preference

A

Cold temperatures, hence extremities

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9
Q

Reservoir of mycobacterium leprae

A

Armadillo

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10
Q

Clinical presentation of leprosy and difference bet 2

A

Tuberculoid
Th1 cell mediated, bacteria engulfed in macrophage
Ssx - well demarcated hairless skin plaque

Lepromatous
Th2 cell predominant humoral response - not contained by macrophage, High transmission
symmetric glove and stocking neuropathy, raised lesions most common on extensor surface, facial deformity (Leonine facies)

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11
Q

Test for leprosy

A

Skin Testing - Lepromin skin test similar to PPD

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12
Q

Treatment for leprosy

A

Tuberculoid: Dapsone, Rifampicin 6 months

Lepromatous, Clofazimine, Dapsone, Rifampicin 2-5 years

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13
Q

Lyme disease is caused by

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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14
Q

Vector for Lyme Disease

A

Tick (Ixodes Scapularis)

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15
Q

Reservoir of Borrelia burgdorferi

A

White footed Mouse

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16
Q

Obligatory host of Borrelia burgdorferi

A

White tailed deer

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17
Q

The human is what type of host in Borrelia?

A

Incidental host

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18
Q

Stains used for borrelia

A

Wright Stain

Giemsa Stain

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19
Q

Symptoms of Lyme Disease (by stages)

A

Stage 1 - Bull’s eye rash, painful and pruritic at tick bite
Flu like symptoms

Stage 2 - Heart block from myocarditis
Bilateral bells palsy

Stage 3 - Migratory polyarthritis
Encephalopathy

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20
Q

Treatment for lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

Ceftriaxone

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21
Q

Morphology of leptospire

A

Question mark shaped spirochete

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22
Q

Mode of spread of leptospirosis

A

Hematogenous spread

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23
Q

Laboratory identification of syphilis

A

Darkfield microscopy

VDRL-RPR - screening

FTA-ABS - confirmation

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24
Q

Clinical manifestations of syphilis (acquired)

A

Primary - painless genital chancre

Secondary - systemic
Maculopapular rash weeks after (most prominent in hands and soles)
Condyloma Lata with spirochetes on darkfield

Tertiary
Gummas - soft growth with necrotic center
Aortitis (ascending thoracic aneurysm) (tree barking)
Tabes dorsalis - demyelination, of dorsal column - no proprioception, vibration sense
Argyll Robertson Pupil - reacts to accomodation but does not react to light

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25
Congenital syphilis features
``` Saber shin Saddle nose Hutchinson's teeth Mulberry molars Congenital deafness ```
26
Treatment of syphilis
Penicillin - all stages
27
Jarisch Herxheimer reaction is?
Dead spirochetes releasing cytokines post treatment | fever and chills
28
Chamydia respiration
Obligate intracellular
29
Chlamydia cell wall lacks?
Muramic acid | does not gram stain
30
Life cycle of chlamydia. Which stage is infective, which is dividing
1st stage - elementary body - infective 2nd stage - reticular body - dividing
31
Microscope feature of chlamydia
Inclusion bodies
32
Stain used to visualize chlamydia
Giemsa stain
33
Diagnosis of chlamydia
NAAT / PCR
34
Symptoms of chlamydia tracheomaittis D-K
STI - watery discharge, asymptomatic, PID, neonatail conj late onset/pneumonia
35
Symptoms of chlamydia tracheomatis L1-L3
LGV - painless ulcer progressing to tender lymphadenopay
36
Symptoms of chlamydia tracheomatis A-C
Blindness leading cause of blindness transmitted througgh fomites
37
What is Reiters Syndrome
Reactive Arthritis, Uveitis, Urethritis
38
Treatment of Chlamydia
Macrolides (oral), tetracycline
39
Coxiella gram staining, respiration
Gram negative, obligate intracellular
40
Rashes in Q fever
None
41
Etiology of Q fever
Coxiella burnetti
42
Transmission of coxiella
Through spores in animal fecal matter, transmitted via aerosol transmission
43
Clinical presentation of Q fever
Pneumonia, Headache, Fever with NO rash, Hepatitis
44
Treatment of Q fever
Self limiting
45
Complication of Q fever
Endocarditis
46
Cause of bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis
47
Gardnerella morphology
Gram variable rod (both pos or neg)
48
Mechanism of gardnerella infection
Lactobacilli in vagina decreased in anaerobic overgrowth, which increases gardnerella
49
Symptoms of BV
Thin grayish white fishy discharge, pH 4.5 up
50
Diagnostic test for gardnerella
Whiff test with KOH test | Wet mount shows clue cells - epith cells coated with bacteria
51
Treatment of BV
Metronidazole
52
Walking pneumonia uis associated with
Mycoplasma
53
Special feature of mycoplasma cell membrane and cell wall
Membrane - with cholesterols (similar to eukaryotic) No cell wall
54
Diagnosing mycoplasma
Cold agglutinin test - RBC clumping in 4 deg C from IgM
55
Culture media for mycoplasma
Eaton's agar
56
Treatment for mycoplasma
Macrolides
57
Ricketssia morphology
Coccobacillary, Obligate intracellular, poor gram staining weakly gram neg
58
Two compounds Ricketssia cannot synthesize
Coenzyme A, NAD+
59
Diagnostic test for rickettsia
Weil-Felix Agglutination
60
Rickettsia symptoms
Headache, fever, vascullitis with rash
61
Treatment for rickettsia
Tetracycline
62
Rickettsia prowazekii rash movement
Starts in trunk, moves tgo extremities, spares head, hands, feet
63
Vector of rickettsia prowazeki
Lice - feces of lice enters skin
64
Epidemic typhus is caused by
Rickettsia prowazekii
65
Symptoms of epidemic typhus
Rash, arthralgia, myalgia, pneumonia, encephalitis
66
Etiology of rocky mountain spotted fever
Rickettsia Rickettsii
67
Vector of rickettsia rickettsii
Ticks bite (dermacenter tick)
68
Progression of rash in rocky mountain spotted fever
Incubation period 2-14 days | Ankles wrists start, then moves centrallu, then hands and feet
69
Symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever
Rash, headache, fever, myalgia

PLE Microbiology (9 decks)

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