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PLE Microbiology > Bacteria - Others > Flashcards

Bacteria - Others Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acid fast bacilli take up what stain? Why?

A

Carbolfuschin

Mycolic acids take up dye

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2
Q

Growth medium for TB

A

Lowenstein Jensen Medium

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3
Q

Respiration of TB

A

Obligate Aerobe

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4
Q

TB transmission and virulence factors

A

Respiratory, human to human,

Virulence - Cord factor (prevents destruction) by granuloma formation

Sulfatides - prevent phagolysis and hydrolyses - create defective lysosomes and phagosomes

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5
Q

Ghon complex is

A

Hilar lymphadenopathy + granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobe

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6
Q

PPD skin test is what type of hypersensitivity

A

Type IV

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7
Q

Reactivation TB is usually associated with what substance?

A

TNF

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8
Q

Mycobacterium leprae temperature preference

A

Cold temperatures, hence extremities

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9
Q

Reservoir of mycobacterium leprae

A

Armadillo

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10
Q

Clinical presentation of leprosy and difference bet 2

A

Tuberculoid
Th1 cell mediated, bacteria engulfed in macrophage
Ssx - well demarcated hairless skin plaque

Lepromatous
Th2 cell predominant humoral response - not contained by macrophage, High transmission
symmetric glove and stocking neuropathy, raised lesions most common on extensor surface, facial deformity (Leonine facies)

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11
Q

Test for leprosy

A

Skin Testing - Lepromin skin test similar to PPD

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12
Q

Treatment for leprosy

A

Tuberculoid: Dapsone, Rifampicin 6 months

Lepromatous, Clofazimine, Dapsone, Rifampicin 2-5 years

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13
Q

Lyme disease is caused by

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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14
Q

Vector for Lyme Disease

A

Tick (Ixodes Scapularis)

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15
Q

Reservoir of Borrelia burgdorferi

A

White footed Mouse

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16
Q

Obligatory host of Borrelia burgdorferi

A

White tailed deer

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17
Q

The human is what type of host in Borrelia?

A

Incidental host

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18
Q

Stains used for borrelia

A

Wright Stain

Giemsa Stain

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19
Q

Symptoms of Lyme Disease (by stages)

A

Stage 1 - Bull’s eye rash, painful and pruritic at tick bite
Flu like symptoms

Stage 2 - Heart block from myocarditis
Bilateral bells palsy

Stage 3 - Migratory polyarthritis
Encephalopathy

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20
Q

Treatment for lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

Ceftriaxone

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21
Q

Morphology of leptospire

A

Question mark shaped spirochete

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22
Q

Mode of spread of leptospirosis

A

Hematogenous spread

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23
Q

Laboratory identification of syphilis

A

Darkfield microscopy

VDRL-RPR - screening

FTA-ABS - confirmation

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24
Q

Clinical manifestations of syphilis (acquired)

A

Primary - painless genital chancre

Secondary - systemic
Maculopapular rash weeks after (most prominent in hands and soles)
Condyloma Lata with spirochetes on darkfield

Tertiary
Gummas - soft growth with necrotic center
Aortitis (ascending thoracic aneurysm) (tree barking)
Tabes dorsalis - demyelination, of dorsal column - no proprioception, vibration sense
Argyll Robertson Pupil - reacts to accomodation but does not react to light

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25
Q

Congenital syphilis features

A 
Saber shin
Saddle nose
Hutchinson's teeth
Mulberry molars
Congenital deafness
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26
Q

Treatment of syphilis

A

Penicillin - all stages

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27
Q

Jarisch Herxheimer reaction is?

A

Dead spirochetes releasing cytokines post treatment

fever and chills

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28
Q

Chamydia respiration

A

Obligate intracellular

29
Q

Chlamydia cell wall lacks?

A

Muramic acid

does not gram stain

30
Q

Life cycle of chlamydia. Which stage is infective, which is dividing

A

1st stage - elementary body - infective

2nd stage - reticular body - dividing

31
Q

Microscope feature of chlamydia

A

Inclusion bodies

32
Q

Stain used to visualize chlamydia

A

Giemsa stain

33
Q

Diagnosis of chlamydia

A

NAAT / PCR

34
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia tracheomaittis D-K

A

STI - watery discharge, asymptomatic, PID, neonatail conj late onset/pneumonia

35
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia tracheomatis L1-L3

A

LGV - painless ulcer progressing to tender lymphadenopay

36
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia tracheomatis A-C

A

Blindness

leading cause of blindness

transmitted througgh fomites

37
Q

What is Reiters Syndrome

A

Reactive Arthritis, Uveitis, Urethritis

38
Q

Treatment of Chlamydia

A

Macrolides (oral), tetracycline

39
Q

Coxiella gram staining, respiration

A

Gram negative, obligate intracellular

40
Q

Rashes in Q fever

A

None

41
Q

Etiology of Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetti

42
Q

Transmission of coxiella

A

Through spores in animal fecal matter, transmitted via aerosol transmission

43
Q

Clinical presentation of Q fever

A

Pneumonia, Headache, Fever with NO rash, Hepatitis

44
Q

Treatment of Q fever

A

Self limiting

45
Q

Complication of Q fever

A

Endocarditis

46
Q

Cause of bacterial vaginosis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

47
Q

Gardnerella morphology

A

Gram variable rod (both pos or neg)

48
Q

Mechanism of gardnerella infection

A

Lactobacilli in vagina decreased in anaerobic overgrowth, which increases gardnerella

49
Q

Symptoms of BV

A

Thin grayish white fishy discharge, pH 4.5 up

50
Q

Diagnostic test for gardnerella

A

Whiff test with KOH test

Wet mount shows clue cells - epith cells coated with bacteria

51
Q

Treatment of BV

A

Metronidazole

52
Q

Walking pneumonia uis associated with

A

Mycoplasma

53
Q

Special feature of mycoplasma cell membrane and cell wall

A

Membrane - with cholesterols (similar to eukaryotic)

No cell wall

54
Q

Diagnosing mycoplasma

A

Cold agglutinin test - RBC clumping in 4 deg C from IgM

55
Q

Culture media for mycoplasma

A

Eaton’s agar

56
Q

Treatment for mycoplasma

A

Macrolides

57
Q

Ricketssia morphology

A

Coccobacillary, Obligate intracellular, poor gram staining weakly gram neg

58
Q

Two compounds Ricketssia cannot synthesize

A

Coenzyme A, NAD+

59
Q

Diagnostic test for rickettsia

A

Weil-Felix Agglutination

60
Q

Rickettsia symptoms

A

Headache, fever, vascullitis with rash

61
Q

Treatment for rickettsia

A

Tetracycline

62
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii rash movement

A

Starts in trunk, moves tgo extremities, spares head, hands, feet

63
Q

Vector of rickettsia prowazeki

A

Lice - feces of lice enters skin

64
Q

Epidemic typhus is caused by

A

Rickettsia prowazekii

65
Q

Symptoms of epidemic typhus

A

Rash, arthralgia, myalgia, pneumonia, encephalitis

66
Q

Etiology of rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii

67
Q

Vector of rickettsia rickettsii

A

Ticks bite (dermacenter tick)

68
Q

Progression of rash in rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Incubation period 2-14 days

Ankles wrists start, then moves centrallu, then hands and feet

69
Q

Symptoms of rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Rash, headache, fever, myalgia

PLE Microbiology (9 decks)

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