Fungal Infection Flashcards
Transmission skin to skin
Tineas
Inhalation
cryptococcal
Antibiotics, biome
candidiasis
Who are fungal infections more common in?
elderly and immunocompromised
patients with in dwelling catheters
organ transplant recipients
chemo patients
What are superficial fungal infections caused by?
mycoses and dermatophytes
What is infected in dermatophytes?
keratinized tissues of hair, skin, nails
What infects in dermatophytes?
candidiasis, tineas
Treatment for superficial fungal infections
TOPICAL
Where do fungi thrive?
warm, dark and moist areas
Fungi of yeast
candida albicans
Fungi of ringworm of body
tinea corporois
Fungi of athletes foot
tinea pedis
Fungi of skin on upper chest, back and arms
tinea versicolor
Fungi of hair (cradle cap)
tinea capitis
Fungi of ringworm of groin
tinea cruris
Risk factors of tinea pedis, athletes foot
contact with infected skin
fungus in environment
wet socks
Diagnosis of athletes foot
culture
microscopic skin shavings
Treatment of athletes foot
TOPICAL
What is the most common pediatric dermatophyte?
tinea capitis
Are topicals effective for tinea capitis?
no, PO systemic anti fungals for 4-6 weeks BID
Tinea versicolor, ringworm of upper chest, back and arms risk factor
hot climate
sweat
oily skin
weak immune system
Is tinea versicolor contagious?
no
What is the treatment of tinea versicolor?
TOPICAL
Candidiasis, yeast risk factors
immunosuppressive
antibiotic use
Candidiasis, yeast treatment
TOPICAL, powder
Who are yeast infections common in?
chemo
transplant patients
HIV patients
Systemic fungal infection
involves internal organs- intestines, lungs, urinary tract, brain
-osis
fungal infections seen in immunocompromised
Herpes Zoster- shingles
varicella foster virus lies dormant
prodrome: burning, tingling, rash
usually unilateral
Risk factors of herpes zoster, shingles
previous hx chicken pox
>50 years old
most contagious-leaking vesicles
Treatment for herpes zoster
usually oral
some IV antivirals
Impetigo
staph and strep, nasal
acute, very contagious
honey pustules, crust on red base
Treatment for impetigo
topical
Abscess
skin inflamed with red collection of puss
may drain purulant discharge
Treatment for abscess
anti biotics
incision and drainage
Furnuncle
bacterial infection of hair follicle
Carbuncle
painful, deep, swelling of skin caused by bacteria
Treatment for carbuncle and furnuncle
incision and drainage
antibiotics-usually po
Cellulitis
bacterial infection of skin and surrounding tissues
may be initial injury that becomes infected and spreads to healthy tissue
animal/insect bites
Where does cellulitis usually occur?
lower extremities
Is cellulitis contagious?
no
Treatment for cellulitis
depends on severity
oral systemic antibiotics
IV if spreads to lymph nodes
MRSA
methicillin resistant staph infection
Hospital acquired MRSA
surgery, IV tubing, artificial joints
Community acquired MRSA
often begins as painful boil
person to person transmission
Who is at high risk for MRSA
high school wrestlers
child care workers
living in high crowded conditions
Treatment for MRSA
IV vancomycin or zyvox (hospital acquired)
PO Bactria (community acquired)
prophylaxis prior to surgery
Are precancerous lesions benign or malignant?
benign
Actinic keratosis
due to skin damage from UV ray damage
common in fair skin people
Solar lentigos
age spots
common in fair skin people
Who are at higher risk for melanomas?
Women until 49
Men after 50
Caucasians
Who is more likely to be under diagnosed?
African americans
Basal cell neoplasms
most common
least often malignant
most common in white people
most curable
due to sun exposure
Squamous cell neoplasm
can mestasize to remote areas
second most common
due to sun exposure
curable with early treatment
Melanoma
more rare
high rates of mestasizing
What neoplastic disease grows rapidly and vertically?
melanoma
Risk factors of melanoma
blonde/red hair
freckling
hx of blistering sunburns <20 yrs
hx of >3 yes outside job as teen
What is the most deadly form of skin cancer?
melanoma
Who has the highest rate of melanoma?
caucasian males
Eczema
skin becomes inflamed or irritated from overactive immune system
not contagious
What kind of eczema is most common
atopic
(inherited)
Psoriasis
long term, chronic condition
begins in early adulthood
not contagious
cause: over active immune system
What is the link between with psoriasis
obesity, CVD
How is psoriasis treated?
keep skin moist
topical meds
corticosteroid cream/lotion
