Delirium/Dementia

Question 1

Delirium

Answer 1

transient disorder of cognitive function, consciousness or perception

acute confusional states

Question 2

Does delirium have a sudden or gradual onset?

Answer 2

Can be either

Question 3

What is delirium usually associated with?

Answer 3

alcohol or drug withdrawal
hypoglycemia
increased metabolites
brain surgery
fevers
electrolyte imbalances

Question 4

Hyperactive Delirium

Answer 4

acute disturbances in attention or awareness

2-3 days to develop

Question 5

What are risk factors for hyperactive delirium?

Answer 5

meds (benzodiazepines and narcotics)
acute infections/sepsis
surgery
hypoxia
electrolyte/metabolic dysfunction
insomnia

Question 6

S/Sx of delirium

Answer 6

restless
irritable
difficulty concentrating
insomnia
tremulousness
poor appetite

(fully developed): hallucinations, completely inattentive, grossly altered perceptions, lacking judgment

Question 7

Is delirium reversible?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

Hypoactive delirium

Answer 8

affects right sides frontal nasal ganglion disruption (areas for coordination and alertness)

more common in metabolic (liver/kidney) patients

Question 9

S/Sx of hypoactive delirium

Answer 9

decreased alertness and attention span, perception and interpretation of environment

apethetic
sleepy
forgetful
slow speech
lethargic

Question 10

what is the duration of delirium?

Answer 10

hrs/days/months

Question 11

What is the onset of delirium?

Answer 11

acute

Question 12

Dementia

Answer 12

aquifer deterioration and progressive failure of cerebral function

impaired intellectual responses-memory, language, judgement, decision making, orientation

Question 13

What two diseases can cause dementia?

Answer 13

HIV
crutz feldt disease

Question 14

patho physiology of dementia

Answer 14

neuro degeneration

compression of brain tissue

atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels

brain trauma, infection, inflammation

Question 15

Can delirium be prevented?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

What can dementia present as?

Answer 16

agitation
wandering
aggression
frustration

Question 17

What is the onset of delirium?

Answer 17

slow, insidious, progressive

Question 18

Is dementia reversible?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

S/Sx of dementia

Answer 19

depends on cause

memory loss, cognitive slowing, decreased concentration and memory

Question 20

Is there a cure for dementia?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

What is the treatment for dementia directed at?

Answer 21

restoring and optimizing function capacity

accommodating with lost abilities

Question 22

What is the duration of dementia?

Answer 22

months to years

Question 23

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 23

leading cause of severe dysfunction of cognition in elderly

Question 24

Are men or women more likely to have AD?

Answer 24

women

2/3

Question 25

What is early onset usually due to?

Answer 25

genetic association

Question 26

What is late onset AD usually due to?

Answer 26

sporadic, no genetic preassociation

Question 27

Risk factors of dementia

Answer 27

65+ yrs old
family history
genetic
existing cognitive impairment
unhealthy lifestyle
smoking/drinking
isolation
previous head trauma

Question 28

TAU protein

Answer 28

accumulation of neurotic plaques and intraneural neurofibrillaru tangles

Question 29

Where is AD most centralized in the brain?

Answer 29

hippocampus
cerebral cortexz

Question 30

Vascular dementia

Answer 30

second most common

related to cerebral vascular disease

HYPOfusion to the brain

Question 31

Risk factors of Vascular dementia

Answer 31

DM
HLD
HTN
smoking

Question 32

Frontotemporal Dementia

Answer 32

rare: “pick disease”

familial association

age onset <60 yrs

genetic mutation of TAU protein

Question 33

What are the 3 clinical syndromes of fronto temporal dementia?

Answer 33

behavioral agent
progressive non fluent behavior
semantic dementia