Depression/Anxiety Flashcards
dopamine
attention, motivation, pleasure, reward, focus, learning
norepinephrine
alertness, energy
serotonin
obsessions, compulsions, sleep, happiness
GABA
relaxation
principle inhibitory neurotransmitter
dopamine deficits
parkinson’s like sx
slow reaction times
anergia
Anhedonia-pleasure center dysfunction
serontonin deficits
OCD like sx
obsessive thoughts
compulsions
impulsivity
suicide
aggression
depression
cravings
GABA deficits
anxiety
panic disorders
major depressive disorder
norepinephrine deficits
lack of energy and motivation
norepinephrine
principle excitatory neurotransmitter
fight or flight
Who is depression more common in?
women
caucasian
never married
what does the diagnosis of depression require?
presence of multiple symptoms that are intense enough to cause distress and persistently impair psychosocial function
S/Sx of depression
loss of interest, pleasure
extreme fatigue
restlessness
irritability
impaired concentration
decreased self esteem
sleep disturbances
When giving anti depressants, what do you have to educate your patient about?
it will take WEEKS to start working
anticipatory anxiety
fearful expectation of panic anxiety onset
avoidance anxiety
personal strategies to increase feeling of control and decrease risk of panic anxiety
Function of glutamate
stimulated by overwhelming stress hormones
Pain attack
recurrent uncomfortable episodes with sudden onset of symptoms
S/Sx of panic attacks
heart palpitations
chest pain
SOA
dizziness
nausea
fear of losing control
tingling in hands
flushing or chills
What is the second line med class for anxiety?
benzodiazepines
Generalized anxiety disorder
chronic, longer than 6 months
excessive uncontrolled worry
S/Sx of GAD
autonomic hyperactivity
muscle tension
exaggerated startups
difficulty concentrating
risk factors for GAD
excessive substance use
childhood abuse/family trauma
genetics
Treatment for GAD
cognitive behavioral therapy
antidepressants (SSRI &SNRI)
PTSD
chronic activation of stress response in relation to exposure to potentially life threatening events
S/Sx of PTSD
hyperarousal
avoidance of reminders
vivid flashbacks of event
nightmares
emotional blunting
exaggerated startle
Causes of PTSD in men
rape
combat exposure
childhood neglect
childhood abuse
Causes of PTSD in women
rape
sexual molestation
physical attack
threatened with a weapon
Treatment for PTSD
trauma focused psychotherapy
cognitive behavioral therapy
EMDR-eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
Social Anxiety Disorder
intense fear of being criticized by others
persistent fear of humiliation
negative evaluation of embarrassment in social situations
Causes of social anxiety disorder
inherited traits
problems in amygdala-fear response
environment-learned behavior
Treatment for social anxiety disorder
cognitive behavioral therapy
SSRI
Benzodiazepines
propranolol
OCD
repetitive unwanted thoughts/compulsions
repeated activities/rituals
What are examples of OCD?
hoarding
cleaning
order
harm obsessions
counting
Treatment for OCD
hard to treat
meds are less effective
deep brain stimulation
EMDR
transcranial magnetic stimulation
What nursing actions should be done with administering anti depressants?
assess suicide risk
monitor for 4-8 weeks for efficacy
Anticholinergic effect
hot as a hare
dry as a bone
blind as a bat
red as a beet
mad as a hatter
overheated, dry mouth and skin, blurry vision, redness, confusion
Tyramine rich foods
aged cheese
smoked meats
yeast
red wine
