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NUR 325 > Alterations in immune fx > Flashcards

Alterations in immune fx Flashcards

1
Q

hypersensitivity

A

normal immune response that is inappropriately triggered OR
excessive OR
produces undesirable effects on body

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2
Q

basic triggers

A

antigen-antibody reaction OR
specific antigen-lymphocyte infection

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3
Q

type I, II, III triggers

A

controlled/mediated by ANTIBODIES produced by B cells that mature into plasma cells to produce antibodies

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4
Q

Are type I II III triggers immediate or slow reaction?

A

immediate reaction

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5
Q

type IV trigger

A

mediated by T cells

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6
Q

is type IV trigger a delayed or immediate reaction?

A

delayed

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7
Q

Type 1 IgE mediated reaction

A

response in someone developing an ALLERGY

IgE antibodies produced

anaphylaxis reaction if serious

immediate reaction (15-20 min) after second exposure

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8
Q

examples of type 1 triggers

A

pets, pollen, bee stings, nuts, seafood, eggs, penicillin, contrast dye

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9
Q

causes of type 1 triggers

A

proteins in environment, foods, meds
genetic link
B lymphocytes, IgE antibody, last cells

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10
Q

patho of type 1

A

B cell
plasma cell + antibodies
mast cells + chem mediators

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11
Q

intravascular mediators

A

anaphylactic shock

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12
Q

skin mediators

A

urticana
atopic dermatitis
wheal flare reaction
angioedema

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13
Q

respiratory mediators

A

rhinitis
asthma

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14
Q

GI mediators

A

N/V/D
cramping

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15
Q

potent vasodilation

A

stuffy nose
decreased BP
wheals on skin

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16
Q

increased vascular permeability

A

edema
runny nose

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17
Q

bronchial smooth muscle constriction

A

breathing probs
wheezing

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18
Q

stimulates irritant receptors

A

itching (pruritis)

19
Q

atopic local reaction

A

inherited tendency to become sensitive to allergens

EX- allergic rhinitis (runny nose)
asthma
urticana (hives)

20
Q

most common triggers

A

pollen
dusts
molds
animal dander

21
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

systemic release of chem mediators
medical emergency

bronchial restriction
airway obstruction
vascular collapse

life threatening within mins

22
Q

most common triggers

A

meds
bee sting
food-nuts

23
Q

what is anaphylaxis treated with

A

antihistamines
GCC
epinephrine
wear med alert bracelet
carry emergency epi pens

24
Q

Type II cytotoxic reaction

A

wrong type of blood
exposure to antigen or foreign tissue cell on cell surface

direct destruction of targeted cells that contain antigen, cell lysis

25
Q

cells involved

A

IgG and IgM antibodies
complement- fix foreign cells and lysis
WBC- phagocytes clean debris

26
Q

causes of type II

A

blood transfusion reaction

autoimmune conditions-hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, graves’ disease

newborn mother RH incompatible

drug reaction

27
Q

patho of type II

A

donor A
recipient B
anti A and B
clumping of donor cells
cells burst
small vessels in kidney are blocked
kidney damage and decrease blood supply

28
Q

S/Sx type II

A

fever, chills, flushing
increased HR
decreased BP
chest pain, back pain
N/V
headache
restless, anxiety

29
Q

type III Immune Complex Reaction

A

rheumatoid arthritis

blood circulates and deposits in tissue to have inflammation

attach to joints, damage

antibody-antigen COMPLEX

30
Q

cells involved

A

IgG and IgM

localized or systemic

complement-inflammation
neutrophils and mast cells-release toxins and release chem mediators of tissue destruction

31
Q

causes of type III

A

autoimmune attack
low grade infection
inhaled antigens from mold or contaminated plants

32
Q

offending antigens

A

own body’s tissue/DNA
antigens from mold or plants
bacteria or viruses

33
Q

patho for type III

A

complex
deposits in tissue
complement-chemo attraction of neutrophils
FC receptor
release of enzymes and free radicals for tissue destruction

34
Q

S/Sx type III

A

depends on site
joint-RA
kidney-glomerulonephritis
skin/organs-lupus

35
Q

type IV delayed hypersensitivity

A

T cells, cytokines, mast cells and macrophages

delayed response to an antigen from first encounter

36
Q

type IV triggers

A

plant oil- poison ivy
+ TB skin
jelly fish sting
allergic reaction to jewelry- nickel
Crohn’s disease
cosmetics, clothing, dyes, adhesives
gluten

37
Q

patho of type IV

A

hapten penetrates skin with human protein (complete antigen)
T cells become aware of antigen
T cells attack by releasing cytokines (inflammation) and macrophages

38
Q

hapten

A

small, incomplete antigen

39
Q

T cells

A

direct, cytotoxic CD8 cells
helper T cells, CD4 cells

40
Q

S/Sx type IV

A

peak 48-72 hours
contact dermatitis- redness, edema, itching, blisters
TB hypersensitivity-redness, induration, inflammation

41
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

suppresses cell-mediated immunity
anti inflammation

42
Q

Antihistamines

A

decreases symptoms
suppress histamine mediator activity

43
Q

epinephrine

A

halts mediator activity in mast cells
only in anaphylaxis

NUR 325 (14 decks)

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