Fortifed wines Flashcards
What islands can the Maderia DOP be made on?
Madeira
Porto Santo
What are Poios
Terraces made from walls of basalt stone
What are latadas
low trellised pergolas that help combat fungal disease in the subtropical enviroments
Levadas
canals that collect rainfall from high altitude making agriculture possible on this island
Is hand harvesting or mechanical used in Madeira
hand harvesting, mechanical isnt posisble
What is the regulating body of Madeira
Wine, Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira
What are the three types of companies in Maderia?
Production
Shipping
Partidisatas
What are Production Companies
Madeira
Make wine and sell wine
8 companies, 6 exporting
The 8 production companies
Madeira
Vinhos Justino Hernriques
Madeira Wine Company
Henriques & Henriques
HM Borges
D’Oliveira
Vinhos Barbeito
Faria & Filhos
Madeira Vintners
Who is the largest production company?
Madeira
Justino Henriques
What is the second largest production company
Madeira
Madeira wine comapny
Who is the largest independent production company that owns their own vines
Madeira
Henriques & Henriques
What are Shipping Companies
Madeira
They trade wine rather than make it
Usually based in london
Select wines from producers, bottle under their own brand
Broadbent Selections
What are Partidistas
Madeira
Store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders
Nobel grapes in Madeira from sweetest to dryest
Malmsey/Mavasia
Boal
Verdelho
Sercial
What grape makes up 85% of the production of Madeira
Tinta Negra
What are the label laws around Tinta Negra
Madeira
Must contain 85% the grape, 100% if it is vintaged
What is Rainwater
Madeira
100% Tintal Negra, light style
What is Solera Madeira
Fractional blending
Canteiro method
Max 10% can be pulled each year
Bottled with the start date of the solera
What is Seleccionado
Madeira
Blended wine that is 3-5 years old
Dominated by Tinta Negra
Made Estufagem
Laws around Reserva Madeira
5-10 years old
Laws around Special Reserva Madeira
10-15 years old
Single Variety
Canteiro method
Laws around Extra Reserve Madeira
15-20 years old
What is Colheita Madeira
Single Vintage
Aged for 5 years before bottling
Blended or Single Varity
Offers vintage without the price
What is Fransqueira Madeira
Min 20 years in Cask
Canteiro method
Single Nobel Variety
Can age in glass demijons
What is Vinho de Roda/ Vinho da Torno/ Vinho da Volta and who is the major producer
Madeira
wines that go across the equator
Shortridge Lawton (MaderiaWine Co)
Which style of Madira is best with cheese and dessert
Malvasia
Which style of Madira is best for an aperitif
Sercial
What is Madira made with
96% ABV grape spirit imported from France
What is a estufa
stainless steel vat with coils to warm the wines
Describe the Estufagem process
Wines in the Estafua are warmed to 113-122F and held for 3 months
Rest for 90 days
Transffered to a cask
Released for 2 years after harvest
What is Armazen de Calor
Delicate variation of Estufagem
Rooms warmed by steam pipes/tanks, no direct heat
Maderia Wine Co uses this
Lower temps over a long period of time
Describe the Canteiro process
Reserved for best wines
Wines are aged for 2 years min in cask in attics
Prevents burnt caramelization of sugar
bottled at a min of 3 years
What is the capital of Madeira
Funchal
What is the hottest region in Spain
Jerez
What city marks the southeastern border and the triangle
Chiclana de la Frontera
The three towns of production of Sherry
Jerez de la Frontera
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Sanlucar de Barrameda
The Two DO zones of Sherry
Jerez Xeres Sherry
Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda
What are the winds in Sherry
Levante, hot dry
Poniente, humid, cooling
Which wind helps develop the flor
Poniente
The three soil types in Sherry
Albariza
Barros
Arenas
Which soil type is the best
Albariza
What are the big three grapes
Palomino
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel
What is the other name for Palomino
Listan
What are the sub varieties of Palomino
Palomino Fino
Palomino de Jerez
Which grape is allowed to be imported from Montailla-Moriles
Sherry
Pedro Ximenez
What is the training system of Sherry
Vara y Pulgar
pruning alternate spurs each year
What are the max yeilds of Jerez
80hl/ha
What are the three divisions of the Must in Sherry
Primera Yema
Segunda Yema
Mosto Prensa
Is the must acidified in Sherry?
Yes, Palomino is a low acid grape
Which wines are Biologicially aged
Fino
Manzanilla
Amontillado
What conditions require the flor to develop
Humid air
60-70F
No sugar
15% alcohol
Different types of Manzanilla
Manzanilla Fina (similar to fino)
Manzanilla Pasada (loose the flor)
Manzanilla Anada
What is Palma Cortada
Robust Fino, can become Amontillado
Sobretables (rest)
What is Dos Rays
Flor has disappeared with high VA
Normally blended and sweetened
What part of the must does Oloroso use?
Segunda Yema
What is the alcohol of Oloroso?
17-22%
What is the Alcohol of Biologically aged Sherry
15-17%
What are the sweeting agents used in Sherry
Dulce Pasa
Dulce de Almibar
Mistela
What is Dulce pasa made from
sunned palomino grapes
What is VOS Sherry
Very old Sherry
Solera of over 20 years
every Liter drawn, 20 must remain
What is VORS
Very Old Rare Sherry
solera, 30 years old
for every 1 liter pulled, 30 remain
Which is warmer- Jerez de la Frontera or Sanlucar de Barrameda
Jerez de la Frontera can be 20F higher in the summer
The subregion between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Guadalete River contains 80% of the vines
Jerez Superior
Largest Pago in Jerez
Macharnudo
The two grapes primarily used to sweetning Sherry
Moscatel
Pedro Ximenez
Base wine of sherry is what alcohol
11-12.5%
Barrels of sherry marked with a vertical slash are this:
Palo- fortified to 15-15.5% and are destined to become delicate Fino or Manzanilla
Sherry barrels marked with a circle mean this
gordura- fortified to 17-18% destined to become Oloroso Sherry
Movements in the solera levels are called
Trasiegos
What does generoso mean in Sherry?
Dry wine directly from the solera
Who has trademarked almacenistas
Lustau
purchase young wines, age them and sell the wines to shippers at maturation
What three region names are protected by the EU
Sherry, Port, Champagne
What is Lei do terco
Law of the third
restricting sales of Port to 1/3rs of the hosues total inventory annually
What is the Beneficio authorization
The max amount of wines that can be foritifed in a given year
Based of 12Moreira da Fonseca (Points)
Each factor has a min-max point score
2361 points to get
Graded A-I
What are the two categories of the Moreira da Fonseca
7soil/climate- location, altitude, exposure, bedrock, rough matter, slope, shelter
5 vine- type of vine, platning density, yield, training system, vine age
Max yields for Red/White
Red- 55hl/ha
White- 65 hl/ha
What are the big Red Grapes of Port?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesa, Tinta Roriz
What are the big white grapes of Port?
Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Viosinho
What are Patamares
terraces that are wider and able to be navigated by tractor
What are Lagares
low open granite tradtionally used
Autovinifiers are?
fermenting containers that use the wines own gas to pump over
How long is the fermentation in Port
2-3 days
