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Fortifed wines Flashcards

1
Q

What islands can the Maderia DOP be made on?

A

Madeira
Porto Santo

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2
Q

What are Poios

A

Terraces made from walls of basalt stone

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3
Q

What are latadas

A

low trellised pergolas that help combat fungal disease in the subtropical enviroments

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4
Q

Levadas

A

canals that collect rainfall from high altitude making agriculture possible on this island

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5
Q

Is hand harvesting or mechanical used in Madeira

A

hand harvesting, mechanical isnt posisble

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6
Q

What is the regulating body of Madeira

A

Wine, Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira

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7
Q

What are the three types of companies in Maderia?

A

Production
Shipping
Partidisatas

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8
Q

What are Production Companies

Madeira

A

Make wine and sell wine
8 companies, 6 exporting

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9
Q

The 8 production companies

Madeira

A

Vinhos Justino Hernriques
Madeira Wine Company
Henriques & Henriques
HM Borges
D’Oliveira
Vinhos Barbeito
Faria & Filhos
Madeira Vintners

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10
Q

Who is the largest production company?

Madeira

A

Justino Henriques

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11
Q

What is the second largest production company

Madeira

A

Madeira wine comapny

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12
Q

Who is the largest independent production company that owns their own vines

Madeira

A

Henriques & Henriques

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13
Q

What are Shipping Companies

Madeira

A

They trade wine rather than make it
Usually based in london
Select wines from producers, bottle under their own brand

Broadbent Selections

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14
Q

What are Partidistas

Madeira

A

Store wine and sell it at maturity to other traders

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15
Q

Nobel grapes in Madeira from sweetest to dryest

A

Malmsey/Mavasia
Boal
Verdelho
Sercial

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16
Q

What grape makes up 85% of the production of Madeira

A

Tinta Negra

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17
Q

What are the label laws around Tinta Negra

Madeira

A

Must contain 85% the grape, 100% if it is vintaged

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18
Q

What is Rainwater

Madeira

A

100% Tintal Negra, light style

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19
Q

What is Solera Madeira

A

Fractional blending
Canteiro method
Max 10% can be pulled each year
Bottled with the start date of the solera

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20
Q

What is Seleccionado

Madeira

A

Blended wine that is 3-5 years old
Dominated by Tinta Negra
Made Estufagem

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21
Q

Laws around Reserva Madeira

A

5-10 years old

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22
Q

Laws around Special Reserva Madeira

A

10-15 years old
Single Variety
Canteiro method

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23
Q

Laws around Extra Reserve Madeira

A

15-20 years old

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24
Q

What is Colheita Madeira

A

Single Vintage
Aged for 5 years before bottling
Blended or Single Varity
Offers vintage without the price

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25
Q

What is Fransqueira Madeira

A

Min 20 years in Cask
Canteiro method
Single Nobel Variety
Can age in glass demijons

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26
Q

What is Vinho de Roda/ Vinho da Torno/ Vinho da Volta and who is the major producer

Madeira

A

wines that go across the equator
Shortridge Lawton (MaderiaWine Co)

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27
Q

Which style of Madira is best with cheese and dessert

A

Malvasia

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28
Q

Which style of Madira is best for an aperitif

A

Sercial

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29
Q

What is Madira made with

A

96% ABV grape spirit imported from France

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30
Q

What is a estufa

A

stainless steel vat with coils to warm the wines

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31
Q

Describe the Estufagem process

A

Wines in the Estafua are warmed to 113-122F and held for 3 months
Rest for 90 days
Transffered to a cask
Released for 2 years after harvest

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32
Q

What is Armazen de Calor

A

Delicate variation of Estufagem
Rooms warmed by steam pipes/tanks, no direct heat
Maderia Wine Co uses this
Lower temps over a long period of time

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33
Q

Describe the Canteiro process

A

Reserved for best wines
Wines are aged for 2 years min in cask in attics
Prevents burnt caramelization of sugar
bottled at a min of 3 years

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34
Q

What is the capital of Madeira

35
Q

What is the hottest region in Spain

36
Q

What city marks the southeastern border and the triangle

A

Chiclana de la Frontera

37
Q

The three towns of production of Sherry

A

Jerez de la Frontera
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Sanlucar de Barrameda

38
Q

The Two DO zones of Sherry

A

Jerez Xeres Sherry
Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda

39
Q

What are the winds in Sherry

A

Levante, hot dry
Poniente, humid, cooling

40
Q

Which wind helps develop the flor

41
Q

The three soil types in Sherry

A

Albariza
Barros
Arenas

42
Q

Which soil type is the best

43
Q

What are the big three grapes

A

Palomino
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel

44
Q

What is the other name for Palomino

45
Q

What are the sub varieties of Palomino

A

Palomino Fino
Palomino de Jerez

46
Q

Which grape is allowed to be imported from Montailla-Moriles

Sherry

A

Pedro Ximenez

47
Q

What is the training system of Sherry

A

Vara y Pulgar

pruning alternate spurs each year

48
Q

What are the max yeilds of Jerez

49
Q

What are the three divisions of the Must in Sherry

A

Primera Yema
Segunda Yema
Mosto Prensa

50
Q

Is the must acidified in Sherry?

A

Yes, Palomino is a low acid grape

51
Q

Which wines are Biologicially aged

A

Fino
Manzanilla
Amontillado

52
Q

What conditions require the flor to develop

A

Humid air
60-70F
No sugar
15% alcohol

53
Q

Different types of Manzanilla

A

Manzanilla Fina (similar to fino)
Manzanilla Pasada (loose the flor)
Manzanilla Anada

54
Q

What is Palma Cortada

A

Robust Fino, can become Amontillado

Sobretables (rest)

55
Q

What is Dos Rays

A

Flor has disappeared with high VA
Normally blended and sweetened

56
Q

What part of the must does Oloroso use?

A

Segunda Yema

57
Q

What is the alcohol of Oloroso?

58
Q

What is the Alcohol of Biologically aged Sherry

59
Q

What are the sweeting agents used in Sherry

A

Dulce Pasa
Dulce de Almibar
Mistela

60
Q

What is Dulce pasa made from

A

sunned palomino grapes

61
Q

What is VOS Sherry

A

Very old Sherry
Solera of over 20 years
every Liter drawn, 20 must remain

62
Q

What is VORS

A

Very Old Rare Sherry
solera, 30 years old
for every 1 liter pulled, 30 remain

62
Q

Which is warmer- Jerez de la Frontera or Sanlucar de Barrameda

A

Jerez de la Frontera can be 20F higher in the summer

63
Q

The subregion between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Guadalete River contains 80% of the vines

A

Jerez Superior

64
Q

Largest Pago in Jerez

A

Macharnudo

65
Q

The two grapes primarily used to sweetning Sherry

A

Moscatel
Pedro Ximenez

66
Q

Base wine of sherry is what alcohol

67
Q

Barrels of sherry marked with a vertical slash are this:

A

Palo- fortified to 15-15.5% and are destined to become delicate Fino or Manzanilla

68
Q

Sherry barrels marked with a circle mean this

A

gordura- fortified to 17-18% destined to become Oloroso Sherry

69
Q

Movements in the solera levels are called

70
Q

What does generoso mean in Sherry?

A

Dry wine directly from the solera

71
Q

Who has trademarked almacenistas

A

Lustau

purchase young wines, age them and sell the wines to shippers at maturation

72
Q

What three region names are protected by the EU

A

Sherry, Port, Champagne

73
Q

What is Lei do terco

A

Law of the third
restricting sales of Port to 1/3rs of the hosues total inventory annually

74
Q

What is the Beneficio authorization

A

The max amount of wines that can be foritifed in a given year
Based of 12Moreira da Fonseca (Points)
Each factor has a min-max point score
2361 points to get
Graded A-I

75
Q

What are the two categories of the Moreira da Fonseca

A

7soil/climate- location, altitude, exposure, bedrock, rough matter, slope, shelter

5 vine- type of vine, platning density, yield, training system, vine age

76
Q

Max yields for Red/White

A

Red- 55hl/ha
White- 65 hl/ha

77
Q

What are the big Red Grapes of Port?

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesa, Tinta Roriz

78
Q

What are the big white grapes of Port?

A

Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Viosinho

79
Q

What are Patamares

A

terraces that are wider and able to be navigated by tractor

80
Q

What are Lagares

A

low open granite tradtionally used

81
Q

Autovinifiers are?

A

fermenting containers that use the wines own gas to pump over

82
Q

How long is the fermentation in Port

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