Forces and stresses Flashcards
what is tension
a pulling force
what is compression
a pushing force that squashes and shortens objects
- chair legs and bridges have high compressive strengths
what are shear forces
forces acting across the material
what are bending forces
type of shear force that causes materials to bend, forces at an angle to the material
what is torosion
a twisting force
what does it mean if a material is reinforced
it gets strengthened
what does it mean when a material gets stiffened
it gets more rigid
what does enhancing materials improve
the materials functionality
examples of enhancing materials
- Lamination
- Webbing
- Bending
- Folding
- interfacing
what is lamination
the process in which one or more layers are added to a material to form a composite
- often used to increase strength and rigidity
what is interfacing
when extra layers of fabric are stuck or sawn onto the insides of products to improve functionality and aesthetics
what is webbing
used to reinforce and stiffen materials, important for packaging heavy loads
what is folding
the bending of a flexible material so that the two sides of the bend are flat against each other and a line called a crease occurs between them
how can you increase the tensile strength of a paper or card
a polymer can be added to the material, can be done by laminating a polymer onto the material
how can you increase the compressive strength of paper or card
the inner layer can be ‘crimped’
