Foot & Ankle

Question 1

Where does the bifurcate ligament attach?

Answer 1

Originates: Anterior process of the calcaneus; Inserts: dorsal navicular and cuboid

Question 2

What is the classic characteristic of a subtle cavovarus deformity?

Answer 2

mild heel varus and plantar flexed first ray

Question 3

What are the most common pathologies of subtle cavovarus foot?

Answer 3

lateral column overload, stress fractures, and injury to the peroneal tendons and/or the lateral ankle ligaments.

Question 4

What is the first line treatment for subtle cavovarus foot?

Answer 4

first line treatment of subtle cavus foot should include custom full-length orthoses with a recess under the first metatarsal head, post at the lateral forefoot, lowered arch, and a heel cushion.

Question 5

What is a Stieda process?

Answer 5

Extended lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus

Question 6

Neurologic injury is the most common complication of ankle arthroscopy. The nerve most commonly injured is at risk during placement of which portal?

Answer 6

The SPN is the most commonly injured nerve; it is at risk with the anterolateral portal

Question 7

What structure is at risk with placement of an anger-central portal in ankle arthroscopy?

Answer 7

the DPN and DPA

Question 8

What is the optimal position for ankle arthrodesis?

Answer 8

Plantigrade, 10° external rotation, 5° valgus, posterior positioning of the talus on tibial plafond (5 mm posterior)

Question 9

What is Baxter’s nerve entrapment?

Answer 9

Entrapment of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve; elicited by Tinel’s at origin of abductor hallicus