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~Ortho Boards~ > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

In anterior cervical spine surgery, the sympathetic chain is most at risk with retraction of what muscle?

A

Injury to the sympathetic trunk most often occurs with over-retraction or transsection of the longus colli muscle. It is vulnerable at more caudal levels

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2
Q

C5 mucle(s)

A

deltoid, biceps

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3
Q

C5 sensory dermatome

A

superior shoulder and lateral upper arm

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4
Q

C5 reflex

A

biceps

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5
Q

C6 muscle(s)

A

brachioradialis and wrist extensors

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6
Q

C6 sensory dermatome

A

thumb and radial arm

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7
Q

C6 reflex

A

brachioradialis

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8
Q

C7 sensory dermatome

A

long finger

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9
Q

C7 muscle(s)

A

wrist flexors; triceps

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10
Q

C7 reflex

A

triceps

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11
Q

C8 dermatome sensory

A

paresthesias in ring and small

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12
Q

C8 muscle(s)

A

finger flexion/distal phalanx flexion (fine motor movement involving hand)

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13
Q

T1 sensory dermatome

A

axillary numbness

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14
Q

T1 muscle(s)

A

interossei

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15
Q

In the posterior approach to the humerus with the German modification, which nerve is first identified to assist the surgeon in identifying the radial nerve?

A

inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve

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16
Q

What thenar muscle is solely innervated by the median nerve distal to the carpal tunnel?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis (through the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve)

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17
Q

What is the innervation of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

recurrent motor branch of the medial nerve (distal to carpal tunnel

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18
Q

What are the two most common locations for sciatic nerve entrapment?

A

ischial tuberosity and piriformis

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19
Q

Which nerve can be trapped at Hunter’s canal?

A

Saphenous

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20
Q

Saphenous neuritis can be caused by compression at which site?

A

Hunter’s (adductor) canal

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21
Q

The lateral plantar nerve (Baxter’s Nerve) can be entrapped between which two muscles?

A

abductor hallucis longus and medial side of quadratus plantae

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22
Q

Abductor digiti quinti is innervated by what nerve?

A

The lateral plantar nerve (Baxter’s nerve)

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of medial plantar nerve compression?

A

Foot orthotics

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24
Q

Where is the site of compression in the medial plantar nerve entrapment?

A

Knot of Henry / crossing of FDL and FHL

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25
Q

What muscles make up the flexor-pronator muscle wad?

A
  • FCU
  • FCR
  • FDS
  • Palmaris longus
  • Pronator teres
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26
Q

What is the blood supply of the medial epicondyle of the distal humerus?

A

anterior: inferior ulnar collateral artery
posterior: superior and inferior ulnar collateral artery

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27
Q

What is the main blood supply to the femoral head?

A

deep branch of the medial femoral circumflex artery

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28
Q

What is the innervation & nerve root of teres minor?

A

Axillary n; C5, C6

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29
Q

The rotator cuff muscles are innervated by which nerve root?

A

C5 (C6)

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30
Q

Claw hand is associated with which brachial plexus injury?

A

Lower (Klumpke’s) - C8, T1

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31
Q

The ulnar nerve is a branch off the […] cord of the brachial plexus

A

lateral

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32
Q

A medial femoral condyle (MFC) vascularized bone grafts supplied by the […] artery

A

longitudinal descending geniculate

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33
Q

The medial femoral trochlea vascularized bone graft is supplied by the […] artery

A

transverse branch of the descending geniculate

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34
Q

The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) arises from the […] artery

A

radial

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35
Q

Chronic nerve compression leads to […] cell proliferation and apoptosis

A

Schwann

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36
Q

During the regeneration process following a nerve transection, the […] segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration

A

distal

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37
Q

In functional recovery during nerve regeneration, […] activity is first to recover

A

sympathetic

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38
Q

In functional recovery during nerve regeneration, […] function is the first to be lost and the last to recover

A

motor

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39
Q

[…] nerve injury can be seen in an anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Axillary

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40
Q

Prominent pins through anterior ulnar cortex in tension band construct for olecranon fixation can cause an […] nerve palsy

A

AIN

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41
Q

Percutaneous plating of tibial fractures (holes 11-13) can cause a […] nerve palsy

A

superficial peroneal

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42
Q

The […] functions to cushion fascicles against external pressure

A

epineurium

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43
Q

The […] provides a connective tissue sheath around each nerve fascicle

A

perineurium

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44
Q

The […] provides extension of the blood-brain barrier in peripheral nerves

A

perineurium

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45
Q

The […] is a connective tissue covering individual fascicles

A

perineurium

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46
Q

The […] is the primary source of tensile strength and elasticity of a peripheral nerve

A

perineurium

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47
Q

The […] is a loose fibrous tissue covering axons

A

endoneurium

48
Q

The […] participates in the formation of Schwann cell tube

A

endoneurium

49
Q

Myelin is made by […] cells

50
Q

[…] insulates axons to increase conduction velocity

51
Q

The […] must be intact for full recovery of an injured peripheral nerve

A

endoneurium

52
Q

Free fibula bone flap is based on […] artery pedicle

53
Q

Free iliac crest bone flap is based on […] vessels

A

deep circumflex iliac

54
Q

In a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, blood supply provided by perforators off of the […] artery

A

thoracodorsal

55
Q

In a medial gastrocnemius flap, the pedicle is supplied by the […] artery

A

medial sural

56
Q

A lateral gastrocnemius flap is supplied by the […] artery

A

lateral sural

57
Q

A lateral arm flap is supplied by the […] artery

A

posterior radial collateral (branch of profunda brachii)

58
Q

The gracilis is supplied by the […] nerve

A

anterior division of the obturator

59
Q

A gracilis flap is supplied by the […] artery

A

branch of medial femoral circumflex

60
Q

A groin flap is supplied by the […] artery

A

superficial circumflex iliac

61
Q

A vascularized bone graft from the radius is supplied by the […] artery

A

1-2 intercompartmental superretinacular (branch of radial artery)

62
Q

Which cord(s) of the brachial plexus make up the median nerve?

A

Lateral and medial

63
Q

The median nerve travels between which muscles in the arm?

A

biceps brachii and brachialis

64
Q

The median nerve enters antecubital fossa […] to the biceps tendon

65
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

66
Q

AIN travelsbetween […] and […] proximally

67
Q

Distally, AIN travels between […] and […]

A

FPL and FDP

68
Q

What is the innervation of pronator quadratus?

69
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the radoiocarpal joint?

70
Q

What is the sensory innervation to the DRUJ?

71
Q

The palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve arises […] cm from the wrist crease

72
Q

The […] nerve supplies sensation over the thenar eminence

A

palmar cutaneous branch of median

73
Q

The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve lies between […] and […] at level of the wrist flexion crease

A

PL and FCR

74
Q

What is the innervation of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

recurrent motor branch of median nerve

75
Q

What is the innervation of opponens pollicis?

A

recurrent motor branch of median nerve

76
Q

What is the innervation to superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

recurrent motor branch of median nerve

77
Q

The recurrent motor branch of the median nerve is transligamentous in […] percent

78
Q

[…] anastomosis connects the deep branch of the ulnar nerve to the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve, may have preserved thenar strength and severe CTS

A

Riche-Cannieu

79
Q

The […] is the most sensitive physical exam test to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Durkan (carpal tunnel compression) test

80
Q

A score greater than […] on the CTS-6 is indicative of 80% probability of CTS.

81
Q

The ulnar nerve arises from the […] cord(s) of the brachial plexus

82
Q

The ulnar nerve lies […] to brachial artery in anterior compartment of upper arm

A

posteromedial

83
Q

The ulnar nerve pierces IM septum at arcade of Struthers […] cm proximal to the medial epicondyle

84
Q

The ulnar nerve is comprised on the […] nerve roots

85
Q

The ulnar nerve runs between […] in the forearm.

A

FCU and FDP

86
Q

The roof of the cubital tunnel is formed by […]

A

FCU fascia and Osborne’s ligament

87
Q

The floor of the cubital tunnel is formed by the […] bands of the MCL and elbow capsule

A

posterior oblique and transverse bands

88
Q

What is the innervation of deep head flexor pollicis brevis.

A

ulnar nerve

89
Q

Fromet’s sign: compensates for the loss of metacarpal adduction from the […] muscle with compensatory thumb IP flexion by FPL in key pinch

A

adductor pollicis

90
Q

What is the innervation of adductor pollicis?

A

ulnar nerve

91
Q

What is the insertion of ECU?

A

base of the 5th metacarpal

92
Q

What is the innervation of abductor pollicis longus?

93
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis longus?

A

radial side of 1st metacarpal shaft

94
Q

What is the insertion of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

radial side of 1st proximal phalanx base

95
Q

What vascularized bone graft is used for scaphoid waist nonunions?

A

Medial femoral condyle

96
Q

What vascularized bone graft can be used for proximal pole scaphoid defects?

A

Medial femoral trochlea

97
Q

Tibialis posterior is innervated by what nerve root?

98
Q

Neurovascular bundles are preserved during treatment due to the fact that Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum has limited effect on which type of collagen?

99
Q

What type of collagen in found in articular cartilage?

100
Q

Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum is most effective against which types of collagen?

A

Type I and Type III

101
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

102
Q

In the superficial dissection of a Smith Peterson approach, you incise fascia onmedial side of […]

A

tensor fascia latae

103
Q

In the superficial dissection of a Smith-Peterson approach, you ligate the […] artery(crosses gap between sartorius and tensor fascia latae).

A

ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex

104
Q

The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve originates from the dorsal nerve roots of […]

105
Q

The ulnar nerve originates from the […] cord of the brachial plexus and runs between the […] in the forearm.

A

medial; FDP and FCU

106
Q

The ulnar nerve runs between […] and […] muscles in the forearm.

A

FDP and FCU

107
Q

The ulnar nerve originates from the […] cord of the brachial plexus.

108
Q

What is the innervation of the TFL?

A

S. gluteal nerve

109
Q

ASIS avulsion fractures with greater than […] cm of displacement is an indication for ORIF

110
Q

To gain exposure to the proximal radius in a classic volar Henry approach, the radial artery is retracted […] and the supinator muscle should be elevated and retracted […] with the forearm in […].

A

medially; laterally; supination

111
Q

In forearm pronation, the PIN is more […]

113
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the humeral head?

A

Posterior humeral circumflex artery

114
Q

The superficial MCL originates […] and […] to the medial epicondyle of the femur

A

posterior and proximal

115
Q

What is the primary stabilizer to valgus stress of the knee at all angles?

A

Superficial MCL

116
Q

The spiral cord in Dupuytren’s displaces the neurovascular bundle […]

A

centrally and superficially

~Ortho Boards~ (13 decks)

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